Window method

Fig. 2.42. Energy-filtered TEM (three-window method), imaging ofthe Cr distribution in the Ni-base superalloy SCI 6.

The free energy perturbation calculations on mutation of the central statine residue of pepstatin to its dehydroxy and other derivatives were carried out using the window method. The crystal structure reported by Suguna et al.l4 l5was used for these calculations. In most simulations, the mutations were achieved either in 101 or 51 windows with 0.4 ps of equilibration and 0.4 ps of data collection at each window. The calculation for each mutation was repeated in water to determine the difference in the free energies of solvation and to complete the thermodynamic cycle. 

Fig. 28. Plot of ln(I/I0) as a function of the temperature for the heating and cooling cycles of both polymers using the fixed elastic window method...

Other developments will undoubtedly follow these interesting studies, which have already achieved the goal of providing numerical estimations of the types of intermolecular forces. However, a set of four numbers is still not very useful to an analyst trying to choose a liquid phase, and another approach called the window method provides an alternative. 

Window Method of Purnell. In 1975 Laub and Purnell44 suggested a largely empirical method for finding the optimum mixture of liquids that would give the best separation for a given sample containing at least three analytes. Their only assumption was a common one—that GC retentions as measured by partition coefficients are additive in proportion to the volume fractions of the liquids used to make the mixed stationary phase that is,... 

To make furtlicr iinprovcmcm, Tang s group is now working on the development of a 3D DM method, in which the pore collapse process is considcred. Al the same time, a new region metliod is suggested to replace the previous window method to reduce requirements for CPU time and RAM. [21]. 

In order to address these two issues, a windowed Markov model can be used. This model uses windows of the genome in order to address the variability of DNA composition in different areas of the genome. Comparing the results found using this Markov windowed method with those found in the real human genome, it was found that for window sizes from 150 and above,... 

Notes In the window methods, simulates were generated conserving diad base frequencies in windows of the size shown. Five independent analyses were performed, and the standard deviation was in all cases less than 1 %. The Bernoulli method treats DNA as a stream of independent bases, with base frequencies homogenous across each chromosome. The Markov model that correctly predicted the number of AT-patterns (window size 75 bp) is shown in bold. 

Two methods may be used for measurement as a basis for enforcement the solar envelope and the solar window methods. The former would define the maximum build-able volume possible on any site without casting undue shadows outside the site boundaries (Fig. 22). The latter would define in three-dimensional terms the solid angle subtended at an existing (established) solar device that... 

Using Chebyshev-Filtered Subspace Iteration and Windowing Methods to Solve the Kohn-Sham Problem... 

Using Chebyshev-Filtered Subspace Iteration and Windowing Methods.. 

James Chelikowsky and collaborators discuss use of Chebyshen-filtered subspace iteration and windowing methods to solve the Kohn-Sham problem in the sixth chapter. Next chapter contributed by Karlheinz Schwarz and Peter Blaha... 

An example of the application of the wide isolation window in tandem mass spectrometry is the detection and quantitative imaging of cocaine in postmortem human brain tissue (Reich et al., 2008 Reich et al., 2010). In this instance, it was determined necessary to develop an MS wide isolation window method because of interfering background ions. Cocaine detected in brain tissue was confirmed by matching six MS product ions with those from a cocaine standard. For the quantitation of cocaine analyzed from the tissue, the trideuterated ( Hs) internal standard was spiked beneath the tissue at known concentrations before matrix application to develop a calibration curve. The MS wide isolation method was then employed for the analysis of cocaine and cocaine-fi 3. Cocaine was analyzed successfully and quantified using this approach. 

One of the methods for obtaining the distribution of effective magnetic flux density or quadrupole splitting (Campbell and Aubertin 1989 Klencsar et al. 1996) is the Window method (Window 1971) that uses a Fourier technique. For instance, the distribution of the effective magnetic flux density (also called hyperfine field distribution)... 

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