Palm Springs

Knoll B., Phaff J. C., de Gids W. F. Pressure simulation program. 16th AIVC Conference, Palm Springs, FL, 1995. 

J. C. Ekvall, Structural Behavior ot Monofilament Composites, Proceedings of the AIAA 6th Structures and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, 5-7 April... 

Nucleoside inhibitors of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase improved potency and liver targeting with 7-deaza-7-fluoro-2 -C-methyladenosine. In Late breaker presentations. 20th international conference on antiviral research, Palm Springs, CA, USA, April 29-May 3, 2007, LB-01... 

T.E. Wheat, K.A. Lilley and W.S. Schnute, Proceedings 45th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, ASMS, Palm Springs, CA (1997). 

Ahmed, S. et al., Catalytic partial oxidation reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, Proc. of 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar, Palm Springs, CA, 242,1998. 

B.Y. Giang and L. Chang, Proc. of 45th ASMS Conf. on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Palm Springs, FL, USA, 1997, p. 1268. 

L.L. Pinkerton, "Express Method for Estimating the Cost of Fuel Cell Plants," 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar, November 16-19, 1998, Palm Springs Convention Center, Palm Springs, California. 

M. S. Yazici and D. Krassowski. Development of a unique, expanded graphite gas diffusion layer for PEM fuel cells. Fuel Cell Seminar Proceeding Fuel Cell Progress, Challenges and Markets. Fuel Cell Seminar Palm Springs CA, Nov. 14-18 (2005), 117-120. 

Syage, J. A., K. A. Hanold, and M. A. Hanning-Lee. Mass spectrometry based personnel screening system. Proc. INMM—42nd Annual Meeting, Palm Springs, CA, 2001. 

F. Kagami, T. Ogawa, Y. Hishinuma, T. Chikahisa, in Fuel cell seminar (Palm Springs, CA, 2002)... 

Eiden, G.C. Barinaga, C.J. Koppenaal, D.W. Proceedings of the 45th ASMS Corif Mass Spectrom. and Allied Topics, Palm Springs, CA, June 1997, p. 495. 

Dolnlk V (1999) Capillary electrophoresis in sieving matrices what governs the separation . Poster Presentation at the HPCE 99 conference, Palm Springs, USA... 

The work reported by Ralph etal. (2003) is a well-rounded, self-contained essay on the DMFC. (See DMFC flow sheet in Figure 6.6.) Moreover, because Ballard/Johnson Matthey did not contribute on fuel cells at the Palm Springs Fuel Cell Seminar in 2002 (see below), Ralph etal. (2003) is the current information source, additional to the patents in the list of references. Note that the methanol-water mixture presents to the fuel electrode its associated methanol vapour pressure. The DMFC does not have an incompressible fuel. The cell needs circulators. It is incomplete. 

At the Palm Springs Fuel Cell Seminar (Williams, 2002), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory abstract records the laboratory use in a four-cell stack of a new membrane which cuts the methanol crossover by a factor of 4. The same paper records the demonstration by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Palm Springs of a 1 kW DMFC. 

Also at Palm Springs, two papers by the Methanol Fuel Cell Alliance (Ballard/BASF/BPAmoco/Daimler Chrysler/Methanex/Statoil) and the Methanol Institute, respectively, portray the existing substantial methanol production, distribution and trading based on natural gas reform/synthesis gas/methanol, as in the Methanex Canada plant. Methanol from biomass is a future possibility. A methanol pump can be fitted within the footprint of many existing diesel/gasoline filling stations, and an Identic refuelling nozzle has been developed in Sweden, to avoid confusion between methanol and alternative fuels. 

Other papers at the Palm Springs Seminar are concerned with underlying problems, such as better catalysts, improved water management, pressurised operation at 150 °C, and the like, all confirming the immaturity of the DMFC and the big effort being made to mature the system. 

Ralph etal. (2003) give, at Figure 2, a complex methanol electrooxidation process at a platinum particle, which highlights the extent of development problems. The same topic was discussed at Palm Springs by University of Washington authors. 

DuPont has entered the market for DMFC MEAs, as announced in the final abstract of the Palm Springs Seminar. 

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