Wilcoxon

Wilcoxon J P, Williamson R L and Baughman R 1993 Optical properties of gold colloids formed in inverse micelles J. Chem. Phys. 98 9933... 

Wilcoxon J P and Craft S A 1997 Liquid chromatographic analysis and characterization of inorganic nanoclusters Nanostruct. Mater. 9 85... 

Lower plants appear to have been virtually ignored in the search for natural insecticides, although Wilcoxon, Hartzell, and Wilcoxon... 

Litchfield JJ, Wilcoxon F. 1949. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 96 99-133. 

Parenteral lethality was determined by injecting rabbits of mixed sexes intraperitoneally with 31.6, 63, 126, 252, and 500 /xg/kg of 2,3,7,8-TCDD as a 0.01% corn oil suspension control rabbits were injected with corn oil. The rabbits were housed in individual holding cages and were observed for signs of toxicity for four weeks. The LDso s were calculated by the Weil modification of the Thompson method 14, 15) or by the Litchfield and Wilcoxon method (9). The acute lethality studies were terminated when it was evident that the survivors were not showing signs of toxicity. 

Responses to individual doses are given in those cases in which an LD50 could not be calculated. The LD50 for oral administration to rabbits was calculated using the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon 9) the remaining values were calculated using the Weil modification of the method of Thompson 15). 

NOTE ED50 values determined by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon ( 1949). 

Because age is not normally distributed here, the Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to calculate the p-value and is placed into a data set called pvalue. (Inferential statistics are discussed further in Chapter 7.)... 

P-values Age = Wilcoxon rank-sum, Gender = Pearson s chi-square, Race = Fisher s exact test. 

The p-value for the sign test or Wilcoxon signed rank test can be found in the pValue variable in the pvalue data set. If the variable is from a symmetric distribution, you can get the p-value from the Wilcoxon signed rank test, where the Test variable in the pvalue data set is Signed Rank. If the variable is from a skewed distribution, you can get the p-value from the sign test, where the Test variable in the pvalue data set is Sign. ... 

If the two sample populations are not normally distributed, then you can use the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare the population means. The following SAS code compares the ldl change change-from-baseline means for active drug and placebo ... 

The output data set pvalue contains numerous Wilcoxon test statistics. Assuming that you want the two-sided normal approximation test p-value, the variable in the pvalue data set that you want is called P2 WIL. ... 

Acute Toxicity. The LD50 following oral administration of parathion, either in propylene glycol solutions or in aqueous suspensions of the 15% wettable powder, has been determined for rats, mice, and guinea pigs. The lethal dose was approximated for rabbits and dogs. The results of these experiments are summarized in Table I. Statistical evaluation was by the method of Wilcoxon and Litchfield (11). 

Wilcoxon, Frank, Insecticide and Fungicide Section, Stamford Research Labs., American Cyan-... 

The groundwork on the toxicity of sulfur to lower plants was laid in this country by McCallan and Wilcoxon, Liming, and Young and Williams. These studies and those of European investigators have been reviewed well by Horsfall (4) and by Frear (2). 

Frequency domain performance has been analyzed with goodness-of-fit tests such as the Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. The studies by Young and Alward (14) and Hartigan et. al. (J 3) demonstrate the use of these tests for pesticide runoff and large-scale river basin modeling efforts, respectively, in conjunction with the paired-data tests. James and Burges ( 1 6 ) discuss the use of the above statistics and some additional tests in both the calibration and verification phases of model validation. They also discuss methods of data analysis for detection of errors this last topic needs additional research in order to consider uncertainties in the data which provide both the model input and the output to which model predictions are compared. 

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