Wiener, Norbert

Wiener, Norbert. 1965. Cybernetics or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA MIT Press... 

Wiener, Norbert Kybernetik. Econ, Dtisseldorf und Wien 1963 [3-2] Dubach, Paul Die Kybernetik als theoretische, praktische und interdiszipli-nare Wissenschaft (Eine Einfuhrung). Industrielle Organisation 38 (69)... 

Wiener Norbert (1894-1964) US. math., major contributor to cybernetic concepts (book Cybernetics 1948), theory of probability ( Nonlinear Problems in random Theory 1958). He defined cybernetics as a discipline concerned with the comparative study of control mechanisms in the nervous system and computers (book Human Use of Human Beings 1950 and Cybernetics of the Nervous System 1965). 

Wiener, Norbert. Use of Human Beings Cybernetics and Society. New York Avon, 1967. 

Coming, P.A. (2001). Control information the missing element in Norbert Wiener s cybernetic paradigm. Kynetics, 30, 1272-1288... 

Faced with the problem of noise corruption alone [s(x) = <5(x)], Norbert Wiener (Goldman, 1953) devised his well-known smoothing filter... 

The 1950s saw a change in emphasis from the analysis of bio-chemistry-as-kinetics to that of biochemistry-as-information. The theoretical rationale for this transition was provided by the growth of the new sciences associated with the development of computers. Theories of control , feedback , and information transfer were collated in 1948 by the American engineer and mathematician Norbert Wiener under the name of cybernetics. As more and more became known about the mechanisms of individual enzymic reactions, about their energy-requirements, and about the workings of series of enzymes in the harmony of metabolic pathways, biochemists seized on these new concepts in order to probe the ways in which the cell controlled and regulated its own metabolism how, so to speak, it decided at any one time... 

On the advice of John von Neumann he called it entropy because, as von Neumann pointed out, the same function was already in use in statistical mechanics as the "Boltzmann H-function." Shannon s extraordinary paper appeared at the end of World War II concurrently with significant papers and books by Norbert Wiener on Cybernetics and by von Neumann on Games and Economics. Suddenly we were thrust into the information revolution and subjects such as decision making, risk, uncertainty, command and control, communication, feedback, and system-stability became popular topics of legitimate and important scientific inquiry. 

A. S. Mikhailov. Modeling pattern formation in excitable media The legacy of Norbert Wiener. In J. Milton, P. Jung (eds.), Epilepsy as a dynamic disease. Biological and Medical Physics Series. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 125-163, 2003. 

In the late 1940s, the American scientist Norbert Wiener (1950) proposed the science of Cybernetics. It deals with the development of abstract models of purposeful living organisms, artificial objects, and processes in nature and engineering. Such models he called systems. ... 

In the diffusion limit the motion of the random walk can be viewed as an everywhere continuous (but almost nowhere smooth) path which is called a Wiener process (after Norbert Wiener). 

The transmission of information is impossible save for a transmission of alternatives, according to Norbert Wiener [10]. Information of certain genres is decried in the song Satisfaction by The Rolling Stones [11]. The purpose of this paragraph is not to fuel controversy. It is to show that a familiar term casts a multicontextual, unusual net. 

The World War 11 antiaircraft project resulted not only in the development of hardware but also in extensive research on the theory behind what was being done as well as what else could be done. Out of this ferment eventually came such work as Norbert Wiener s cybernetics and Claude Shannon s information theory. Modern computer science is an outgrowth of all this work, which continues aU around the world in industry, government, academia, and various organizations. 

Among the prominent figures involved in the design and development of electronic computers is American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Wiener is the founder of the science of cybernetics, the mathematical study of the structure of control systems and communications systems in living organisms and machines. 

Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings Cybernetics and Society (Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1954). See also Robert K. Merton, The Machine,... 

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