Wide-angled X-ray diffraction

Figure 1. Wide angle X-ray diffraction pattern from PET films exposed to DMF at various temperatures for 15 min.

Figure 5. Room-temperature, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) pictures of stretch-oriented samples of PDHS (left) and PDPS (right).

A Siemens Kratky camera system was utilized for small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements in conjunction with an M. Braun position sensitive detector from Innovative Technology Inc.. Wide angle x-ray diffraction was obtained utilizing a Philips table-top x-ray generator. 

Figure 7.12 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectrum from high density polyethylene...

Figure 7 Plot of the degree of crystallinity (XNMR) by obtained by BC NMR against crystallinity (Xx.ray) obtained by wide angle X-ray diffraction for an unfractionated linear polyethylene sample crystallized in different conditions (data from Ref. [129]).

The crystalline lamellar thickness Dc obtained by StrobPs method is initially 1.4 nm and grows to about 2.0 nm, which is roughly equal to the crystallite size in the chain direction of 2.8 nm estimated from the wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) [7]. Interestingly, the persistence length /p = 1.45 nm just before crystallization measured by SANS (also see Fig. 11) [9,10] is almost equal to the crystal thickness. 

Wide angle X-ray diffraction, WAXD, studies on the PHAs from octanoic acid (PHA-OCT), nonanoic acid (PHA-NON), and decanoic acid (PHA-DEC) showed that these polymers had the same features as synthetic comb-like polymers [54]. PHA-OCT is the most crystalline (AHm = 8.3 cal/g) and PHA-HEX (the PHA from hexanoic acid) is amorphous, while PHA-HEP (the PHA from hep-tanoic acid) has a very low degree of crystallinity (AHm= 1.3 cal/g). The degrees of crystallinity of PHA-OCT and PHA-NON were determined to be 20 and 30%,... 

Nevertheless, we have often faced the problem that the nanocomposite shows fine and homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix (e.g., poly (L-lactide)) without a clear peak shift of the mean interlayer spacing of the (001) plane, as revealed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis [14], Furthermore we... 

Figure 11.16 shows the wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) pattern of an oriented PTT and indices of some of the reflections. Although PTT has a 002 reflection, the intensity is weak. It is also not a true meridianal reflection, being offset from the meridian by about 3°. The offset reflections are so close to each other that they overlap and appear as one meridianal reflection [39], and could not... 

Figure 11.16 PTT WAXD pattern and indices of the reflections [45]. From Polym. Bull., Crystal orientation function of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Chuah, H. H. and Chang, B. T. A., 46, p. 310, Figure 2, Copyright Springer-Verlag (2001). Reproduced by permission of Springer-Verlag GmbH Co. KG...

The 0-values were measured by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. A value of F = 1 indicates that the domains are perfectly aligned along the flow direction, while a value of F = 0 means that the domains are randomly distributed. 

Fig. 4. Wide angle x-ray diffraction profile of imide-aryl ether phenylquinoxaline block copolymers (a) 2c and (b) 2d...

Figure 8.3 Wide angle X-ray diffraction profile of potato starch.

In more recent work, talc-filled polystyrene compounds, with various filler volume fractions, have been processed by compression moulding and through a variety of slit, capillary, rectangular and annular dies [37]. Particle orientation has been characterised using wide angle X-ray diffraction, then expressed in the form of pole figures, and by scanning electron microscopy. It was concluded that... 

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