Wi-Cresol

In another paper from the Jackson Laboratories of the du Pont Company (Calcott et al., 34) there is reported a repetition of some of the reactions of Simons and Archer, as well as additional ones. Mono-, di-, and 1,2,4,5 tetraisopropylbenzene were obtained from propylene and benzene both l -chloro-i-butylbenzene and di-(l/-chloro)-d-butylben-zene were obtained from 3-chloro-2-methyl-propene-l and benzene p-f-butyltoluene and di-i-butyltoluene were obtained from diisobutylene and toluene tetraisopropylnaphthalene was obtained from propylene and naphthalene naphthyl-stearic acid was obtained from oleic acid and naphthalene mixed isopropyltetrahydronaphthalene was obtained from propylene and tetrahydronaphthalene 2,4,6-triisopropylphenol was obtained from propylene and phenol a mixture of monoisopropylated m-cresols was obtained from propylene and wi-cresol and di-(s-hexyl)-diphenyl oxide was obtained from hexene-3 and diphenyl oxide. 

Wada et al. (120) reported the observation of a secondary dielectric dispersion with a high-molecular-weight sample of PBLA in wi-cresol and showed that the resulting values of t as a function of / were interpretable in terms of their own theory essentially identical to Schwarz s one. 

If the dispersion of an isolated helix is plotted from a Moflitt equation with the coefficients found by Doty and Lundberg, it shows a point of inflection and a maximum near 400 m/i and becomes progressively levorota-tory below 300 mju, indicating that the contribution of the helical form is indeed the anomalous variety of complex dispersion. The anomalous character of the dispersion of poly-7-benzyl-L-glutamate is especially evident in wi-cresol (Fig. 1), a solvent in which Downie et al. (19.57) suggest that... 

The preparation of this acid is carried out on the same lines as the arsenation of o-eresol (see preparation of the 8-methyl acid), the o-crcsol being replaced by i-cresol and the temperature of the mixture maintained at 140° to 146° C. for seven hours. From 720 grams of syrupy arsenic acid and 300 grams of wi-cresol, a yield of 138-8 grams of the arsinic acid is obtained in the fornr of its sodium, salt. The free acid is obtained from the sodium salt by the aid of hydrochloric acid. The arsinic acid crystallises from hot water in white needles, which gradual melt at 194° to 195° C. 

N-Methylanatabine, CnHi4N2. From the strongly basic fractions of crude nicotine which contain V-methylanabasine, there is also obtained a second ditertiary base (385). It is an oil, b.p. 120°/1 mm., [ ]d — 171.4° (in methanol) which forms a dipicrate, CuHuNs 2C6H3O7N3, m.p. 207-208°, and a trinitro-wi-cresolate, ChHhNj 2C7H5O7N3, m.p. 228-229°. Since these two derivatives are identical with the corresponding derivatives prepared from the product of the methylation of Z-anatabine with formaldehyde and formic acid, the base is V-methylanatabine. 

Most polyimides are insoluble in organic solvents, but some are soluble. Soluble polyimides can be synthesized in one-step (Eq. 2) [17-22]. The polyimide solution is obtained by reacting a diamine with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride in a high boiling point solvents (phenolic solvent, for example, wi-cresol) at 150-200°C. As the polyamic acid is formed and converted to the polyimide in solution, the water formed during imidation is removed as an azeotrope with toluene to obtain high molecular weight polyimide. 

With aromatic compounds conditions can be found so that ring oxidation predominates and phenolic compounds are formed. Benzene is oxidized quantitatively to phenol. Toluene is oxidized to o-cresol, m-xy-lene to l,3-xylen-4-ol, and naphthalene to f-naphthol. The addition of certain additional catalyst, such as molybdenum oxide, promoted coupling reactions and biphenyl was formed from benzene, bi- or poly-tolyl hydrocarbons from toluene, di- and polyxylyls from wi-xylene, and a... 

The dipole moment is a property of the molecule that results from charge separations like those discussed above. However, it is not possible to measure the dipole moment of an individual bond within a molecule we can measure only the total moment of the molecule, which is the vectorial sum of the individual bond moments.32 These individual moments are roughly the same from molecule to molecule,33 but this constancy is by no means universal. Thus, from the dipole moments of toluene and nitrobenzene (Figure 1.10)34 we should expect the moment of p-nitrotoluene to be about 4.36 D. The actual value 4.39 D is reasonable. However, the moment of p-cresol (1.57 D) is quite far from the predicted value of 1.11 D. In some cases, molecules may have substantial individual bond moments but no total moments at all because the individual moments are canceled out by the overall symmetry of the molecule. Some examples are CC14, tr[Pg.16]

Another example of the use of deoxidation of oxygen-containing compounds for their structural analysis was given by Wi jnands et al.68, who investigated the structure of novolaks, prepared by polycondensation of formaldehyde with phenol, />-cresol and w-cresol. The novolaks were transformed into saturated hydrocarbon mixtures by direct hydrogenation. Ultimate analysis of the hydrocarbons confirmed the linear structure of the novolaks ... 

Materials. Horseradish peroxidase (type II, 200 purpurogallin units per mg protein) and non-porous glass beads (75-150 1 diameter) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). p-Cresol, hydrogen peroxide (as a 30% solution in water) and dioxane (HPLC grade) were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI). The actual H2O2 content was determined spectrophotometrically at 240 nm. 

Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, (PCA), aminophenols, (AP), including 2-aniinophenol, 2-amino-m-cresol, 2-amino-p-cresol, 2-amino-4-tert-butylphenol, 2-amino-chlorophenol, 2-aminophenylphenol, were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) and used without further purification. 

Oxidation of / -cresol to -hydroxybenzyl alcohol, />-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid by Pseudomonas sp. (Eq, 16) (Dagley and Patel, 1957). o- or wi-Hydroxy or methyl substitution did not alter the oxidation specificity. 

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