White hole

Planning of a hydrochemical study should include the question, will the data be expressed in contour maps If so, data have to be obtained with an adequate geographical coverage and adequate density of measured points. These requirements are necessary to ensure adequate resolution and to avoid white holes in the maps. 

If the universe is not much bigger than we can observe, and if it was only 50 times smaller in the past than it is now, then scientific deduction based on general relativity means it had to expand out of a previous state in which it was surrounded by an event horizon (a condition known as a "white hole"—a black hole... 

The final word on nucleogenesis has obviously not been spoken. There are just too many loose ends and imwarranted assumptions to provide a consistent picture. Too many alternative mechanisms are ignored without mention or comment. The role of black holes, quasars, Seyfert galaxies and white holes, all of which could participate in a chain of nuclear synthesis, is not understood and therefore ignored. Even cosmic ray abundances, matched on the scale of solar abundances show up some important discrepancies. Both H and He have low abundances in cosmic rays, whereas the elements Li, Be and B are 5 orders of magnitude more abimdant. The relatively low... 

Cross-sectional, thin section of a Phenolic Foam. Full Rectangles Connected by Short Lines Represent tiie Crosslinked Phenohc Phase and the White Holes Represent tiie Void Phase. 

Figure 10.11. Cryoelectron microscopic image of 5% cholesteryl myiis-tate dispersions stabilized with 3.2% soybean lecithin and 0.8% sodium glycolate (A and B), 4% polyvinyl alcohol (C) and 4% poloxamer 188 (D). In (B), the fracion of highly unstable, "bubbling" particles is clearly visible (white "holes" in the image).

This procedure is used to separate crystallized product from solvent or to remove crap and solids from a liquid. Figure 8 shows the proper apparatus to use. The collecting flask is called a side arm flask and to that extended nipple (tee heel) is attached a vacuum source. The thing that is shoved through the rubber stopper is called a Buchner funnel and is usually made of white porcelain or, preferably, PP. The Buchner funnel, when viewed from above, can be seen to have lots of pin holes in the bottom surface of its reservoir. Over this surface is layered a single sheet of rounded filter paper or paper towel. 

Antimonides of formulas CdSb and Cd2Sb2 have been reported. Both are usually prepared by direct union of the elements, the former is a hole-type semiconductor (9), with properties shown in Table 1, and finds use as a thermoelectric generator. Reagent-grade material costs 2.00/g in small lots. The band gap energy is 0.46 eV (2.70 J.m) (31) is 138 kj/mol (33.0 kcal/mol). Dicadmium triantimonideCd2Sb2, is a metastable, white... 

Figure 18.3 Protein crystals contain large channels and holes filled with solvent molecules, as shown in this diagram of the molecular packing in crystals of the enzyme glycolate oxidase. The subunits (colored disks) form octamers of molecular weight around 300 kDa, with a hole in the middle of each of about 15 A diameter. Between the molecules there are channels (white) of around 70 A diameter through the crystal. (Courtesy of Ylva Lindqvist, who determined the structure of this enzyme to 2.0 A resolution in the laboratory of Carl Branden, Uppsala.)...

The resulting vapor cloud spread like a white mist to the construction buildings. Most of the workers fled. Calculations based on the size of the hole in the propane tank indicate that approximately 110 kg (240 lb) of propane was released. After 30 seconds, the cloud was ignited by a heater in a construction building. 

Once the hole has been stabilized (i.e., after sloughing), stop drilling and blow the hole with air mist to eliminate cuttings. Continue this procedure for 15 to 20 min or until the air mist is clean (i.e., shows a fine spray and white color). 

The most susceptible material for post-depositional loss or addition of radionuclides is the outer layer of samples that have been exposed to moisture for a long duration. Stratigraphic consistency between ages of the outermost material and that deposited prior to this provides valuable constraints on the technique. Four ages were derived for a band of clear, white calcite deposited on a stalactite from 53.6 m below sea level in a blue hole of Andros, Bahamas (Richards et al. 1994). Isotopic data for the outermost surface, which had been exposed to sea water for at least 8 ka was indistinguishable from the internal material (Fig. 8). 

Figure 4.18 (a) STM image (39 x 23 nm) 02 molecules at Ag(l 10) at 65 K, illustrating the hot precursor mechanism at a coverage of 0.02. The inset shows an atomic resolution image of the silver surface and the 02 molecules as dark holes. Also shown (b) is a ball model with oxygen molecules (black) and surface silver atoms (white) and second layer silver atoms (grey). (Reproduced from Ref. 32). 

A. 3,5-Dichlorosulfanilamide. In a 2-1. round-bottomed flask, fitted with a two-holed stopper carrying a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer, are placed 50 g. (0.29 mole) of sulfanilamide and 500 ml. of water. About 50 ml. of a 500-ml. portion (approximately 6 moles) of pure concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, and the mixture is stirred until a clear solution results (Note 1). The remainder of the 500 ml. of hydrochloric acid is then added. If the internal temperature does not rise to 45°, the stirred solution should be warmed gently with a free flame until this temperature is reached. At this point 65 g. (59 ml., 0.58 mole) of 30% hydrogen peroxide (sp. gr. 1.108) is added and rapid stirring is initiated (Note 2). The heat of reaction causes a progressively faster rise in temperature. After 5 minutes the solution fills with a white precipitate which increases rapidly in amount and becomes delicately colored. When the temperature has reached 60°, about 10 minutes after adding the peroxide (Note 3), any further rise is preferably prevented by judicious cooling (Note 4). The reaction is allowed to proceed for 15... 

Fig. 7 The Eyring model of Newtonian monolayer flow. The white circles represent holes vacated by flowing molecules.

The result of all these processes is that the Sun was bom 4.6 Gyr ago with mass fractions X 0.70, Y 0.28, Z 0.02. These abundances (with perhaps a slightly lower value of Z) are also characteristic of the local ISM and young stars. The material in the solar neighbourhood is about 15 per cent gas (including dust which is about 1 per cent by mass of the gas) and about 85 per cent stars or compact remnants thereof these are white dwarfs (mainly), neutron stars and black holes. 

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