Wheel traction force

Since u and 6 are functions of time, they are written u t) and 6 t). The constant a could be calculated if the following vehicle data for engine torque T, wheel traction force F, aerodynamic drag D were available ... 

Tire traction describes the force transmission between tire and road under aU eventualities. It is the prerequisite for controlled steering, acceleration, and braking of self-propelled vehicles on flat tracks. It finds its upper limit in the frictional force when total sliding occurs. Two aspects have therefore to be considered The mechanics of force transmission of elastic wheels and its relation to rubber friction. 

When forces are transmitted, slip occurs because the wheel is being deformed. The relation between force and slip is one of the most important laws in tire mechanics, because it influences the all important properties of traction, durability, and tire wear. (This is not only true for tires, but also for all force transmission by adhesion friction). 

Europe s first fuel cell bus, the Eureka, made its much-delayed debut in Brussels near the end of 1994. First announced in 1988, the Eureka was an articulated 59-foot 80-passenger device whose fuel cell and other components were housed in a two-wheeled trailer almost as long as the bus itself. A hybrid with an 87-kilowatt alkaline fuel cell made by the Belgian Elenco company plus NiCad batteries from French battery maker SAFT, it had electrical traction equipment from Italy s Ansaldo and a liquid-hydrogen fuel system contributed by Air Products of the Netherlands. The bus itself came from Van Hool. In all, the partners and the member governments spent about 8 million to get the bus on the road before its demise a few months later. Elenco was forced into bankruptcy in the spring of 1995 when the shareholders refused to come up with additional cash its assets... 

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