Westmoreland, General

The first report of the action of a chemokine on neurons was published in 1993. The study demonstrated that IL-8 could increase the survival of cultured neurons (Araujo and Cotman, 1993). However, as can be appreciated from its name, IL-8 was not known to be a chemokine at that time and was instead classed as an interleukin. Indeed, the expression of chemokine receptors by neurons was not generally appreciated until around 1997/1998 when several reports suggested this. These reports included observations of the expression of chemokine receptors by neuronal cell lines (Hesselgesser et al. 1997), primary cultures of neurons (Meucci et al. 1998 Ohtani et al. 1998), and in brain sections from HlV-1, Alzheimer s disease, and other patients (Horuk et al. 1997 Westmoreland et al. 1998 Xia et al. 1997). Furthermore, data were obtained, suggesting functions for chemokine signaling in the development of the nervous system (Zou et al. 1998) as well as in neuronal survival and communication (Giovannelli et al. 1998 Meucci et al. 1998). 

There is no general-purpose or user-friendly software available for statistical mechanical computations, in comparison with the availability of useful and convenient tools to do single molecule quantum mechanical computations. There are many properties that can be computed, but users usually have to write their own computer programs to do each computation, so that it is a small research project instead of a convenient tool for product engineers. Westmoreland and Panagiotopoulos (2004) said that the availability... 

When the results of the morale study were brought to the commander-in-chief, General Westmoreland, it included the following recommendations for action ... 

Early in October a US military spokesman in Saigon announced that tear gas had been used on 8 October by US and Australian troops.It was also reported that General Westmoreland had asked Washington in mid-September to authorise gas use. Early in October he delegated to field commanders authority to use chemicals. Seymour Hersh suggests that the Utter incident was in fact a trial balloon released to test public reaction when there was no outcry, the way was clear for the routine use of chemicals in Vietnam. 

There is no hard evidence to substantiate this theory, but it is certainly plausible. Clearly, elements in the sequence of events were difficult to reconcile with official accounts. If, for example, authorisation for the use of riot control agents had been delegated to field commanders for some years, why did General Westmoreland seek formal approval in September 1965 for their use Why was gas then used in October despite the fact that - according to administration evidence to Congress - presidential approval was not given until November 1965 Was President Johnson unaware of the plans, as suggested by Reedy, or uninterested in them as he himself implied ... 

Gulf General Atomic was funded by OSW and developed a spiral-wound-type module. Moreover, the company applied for the patent of the basic stmcture in 1964. In the patent, the example that used the cellulose diacetate membrane of Loeb and Sourirajan was indicated (Westmoreland, 1968). The improvement was performed after that in each company, and the spiral-wound-t5 e module using a cellulose acetate membrane was put on the market by many companies, such as UOP, Hydranautics, Envirogenics, Toray Industries, and Daicel. 

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