Welding of polymers

The diffusion law of Eq. (2.73) holds for the welding of polymers at an interface which can be explained by reptation. When two blocks of the same polymer are brought and held at a temperature just above the Tg for a short time f, interdiffusion of the chains takes place from each block across the interface thereby joining the blocks together. The strength of the junction formed will depend on time t. 

Grimm, R. A., Infrared Welding of Polymers, Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry, May 2000 www.devicelink.com/mddi/archive... 

IR absorbers and reflectors are used to limit the heat development in rooms (e.g., in greenhouses) and are incorporated in agricultural films or in glazing. Typical materials range from kaolin (aluminum silicate) or other silicates and hydrotalcites [68] in agricultural films to dyes (e.g., phthalocyanines or anthraquinones). Furthermore, dyes with near-IR absorption are added to enhance laser welding of polymers. 

R. A. Grimm, Through-Transmission Infrared Welding of Polymers, Conference Proceedings of the SPE ANTEC, 1996,... 

The molecular aspects of interdiffusion of linear entangled polymers (M > Me) during welding of polymer interfaces are summarized in Table 1 [1]. The reptation dynamics and the interface structure relations in Table 1 have been... 

R. J. Wise, Thermal Welding of Polymers, Abington Publishing, Cambridge, 1999. 

R. J. Wise, Thermal Welding of Polymers, Abington Publishing, Cambridge, 1999. Anon, Handbook of Plastics Joining, Plastics Design Library, New York, 1997. 

F. Bachmarm, U. Russek, Laser welding of polymers using high power diode lasers, Proc. SPIE 2002, 4637, 505-518. 

Wool RP et al. (1989) Welding of Polymer Interfaces. Polymer Engineering and Science 29 1340-1367... 

There has been a substantial interest over the past decade in the diffusion of polymer molecules across interfaces. The key features of interest for homopolymer interdiffusion are the influence of the interface on the kinetics of interdiffusion, and the connection between the extent of interdiffusion and the growth of strength of the joint. " One of the reasons for the broad interest in this topic is that polymer diffusion across interfaces represents the essential feature of a number of technologically important processes, such as welding of polymer slabs, sintering or compression molding of polymer powders, and the formation and aging of latex films. 

L.S. Mayboudi, M. Chen, G. Zak, A.M. Birk, P.J. Bates, Characterization of Beam Profile for High-power Diode Lasers with Application to Laser Welding of Polymers, AimiC, ITIA (2006)... 

F. G.Bachmann, U. A.Russek, Laser Welding of Polymers Using High Power Diode Lasers, Photonics West Conference, CA, 505 (2002)... 

Bates, P.J., Characterization of beam profile for high-power diode lasers with apphcation to laser welding of polymers, SPE, ANTEC, 2274-2278 (2006). 

Haferkamp, H., von Busse, A., Barcikowski, S., Bunte, J., Laser Transmission Welding of Polymer and Wood Composites Material and Joint Mechanism related Studies, In hrtemational Journal of Laser apphcations, vol. 16,198-205 (2004). 

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