Electron beam welding

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As in the case of many metal—ahoy systems, weld ductihty is not as good as that of the base metal. Satisfactory welds can be made in vanadium ahoys provided the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are protected from contamination during welding. Satisfactory welds can be made by a variety of weld methods, including electron-beam and tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) methods. It is also likely that satisfactory welds can be made by advanced methods, eg, laser and plasma techniques (see Lasers Plasma technology). 

Electron-beam welding Molybdenum can be electron-beam welded but the technique has only limited use. 

It can be welded by resistance, tungsten-inert gas (TIG), plasma arc and electron beam techniques. To protect the metal from attack by air, resistance welding is carried out under water and the TIG method is best performed in a chamber of argon. The latter three methods produce ductile welds that equal the base metal in most of its characteristics. 

Electron-beam Welding fusion welding in which the joint is made by fusing the parent metal by the impact of a focused beam of electrons. 

Microfabrication of the parallel channels was performed by mechanical surface cutting of metal tapes [31]. In the case of aluminum alloys, ground-in monocrystalline diamonds were used [45]. In the case of iron alloys, ceramic micro tools have to be used owing to the incompatibility of diamonds with that material. Such a microstructured platelet stack is provided with top and cover plates, diffusion bonded and connected to suitable fittings for the inlet and withdrawal ducts by electron beam welding (Figure 3.9). 

The system is usually evacuated to a suitable characteristic pressure before the actual working process begins. This happens, for example, in plants tor evaporative coating, electron-beam welding, and crystal pulling in particle accelerators, mass spectrometers, electron microscopes and others. 

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