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Weight-sensitive structures

Composite materials are ideal for structural applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. Aircraft and spacecraft are typical weight-sensitive structures in which composite materials are cost-effective. When the full advantages of composite materials are utilized, both aircraft and spacecraft will be designed in a manner much different from the present. [Pg.539]

Danielssok [23] have shown that the weight of structure (iv) is quite sensitive to the nature of the oxygen orbitals used, though the general pattern of variation of the weights with 0,—H and H 02 distances is always similar. [Pg.347]

Although DNQ-novolac systems were first used more that 40 years ago in the printing-plate industry, they continue to be the focus of significant interest. For example, several recent studies have addressed the optimization of novolac properties through manipulation of molecular weight, isomeric structure of the phenolic starting materials, and methylene bond position (26-28). These changes are reported to influence resist sensitivity, contrast, and process latitude. [Pg.345]

Other features Surface-sensitive isotope-specific can distinguish molecular weight, molecular structure some capability for depth profiling and imaging... [Pg.3]

The two mainstays of modem mass spectrometry, electrospray MS and MALDI/ TOFMS, can both be used with adequate sensitivity for single-bead detection of molecular weight and structural information [37], Single-bead MS using TFA cleavage and MALDI/ TOF analysis is now a well-established technique [38 11], A Scripps group [42] reports... [Pg.62]

Size-exclusion chromatography [9] with a coupled molecular-weight-sensitive detection is a simple convenient method for characterizing dendrimers for which limited sample quantities are available. The polyether dendrimers increase in hydrodynamic radius approximately linearly with generation and have a characteristic maximum in viscosity. These properties distinguish these dendrimers from completely collapsed, globular structures. The experimental data also indicate that these structures are extended to approximately two-thirds of the theoretical, fully extended length. [Pg.485]

The mass spectrometer is now widely accepted as a crucial analytical tool for organic molecules in the pharmaceutical industry. Although usually treated as a spectroscopic technique, it does not rely on the interaction with electromagnetic radiation (light, infrared, etc.) for the analysis. Rather it is a micro-chemical technique relying on the production of characteristic ions in the gas phase, followed by the separation and acquisition of those ions. By its operation, it destroys the sample unlike other techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and Raman/UV spectroscopies. Nonetheless, mass spectrometry is so sensitive that molecular weight and structural information can be provided on very small samples (attomolar (10" molar) quantities). [Pg.165]

Resist Structure of repeat unit Molecular weight Sensitivity 20 kV (pC m- ) Ref. [Pg.206]

Isothermal crystallisation studies by DSC provide a sensitive technique for measuring the molecular weight or structural differences between very similar materials. [Pg.435]

The copolymerization method cannot be applied in a general since the Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which produce high molecular weight and structurally regular polyolefins, are usually sensitive to polar monomers (see Section 3). [Pg.526]

As a separation technique, GC is inherently more powerful than HPLC however, it is limited by the volatility of the compounds to be analyzed. For this reason only nonionic surfactants with low degrees of ethoxylation are amenable to direct determination using GC. High-molecular nonionic surfactants as well as ionic surfactants must be derivatized prior to GC analysis in order to transform them into more volatile compounds. Apart from the flame ionization detector (FID), mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly becoming the dominant determination method for surfactants in enviromnental matrices. MS is not only a very sensitive and selective detection method but also provides valuable information on the molecular weight and structure of separated compounds (Table 24.6). [Pg.681]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.386 , Pg.390 ]




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