Wave properties and

In 1923 de Broglie made the bold suggestion that matter, like light, has a dual nature in that it sometimes behaves like particles and sometimes like waves. He suggested that material (i.e., non-zero-rest mass) particles with a momentum p = mv should have wave properties and a corresponding wavelength given by... 

Prediction curves or graphs are given for external blast wave properties, and internal blast and gas transient pressures. 

This method of presenting the topic of blast damage mechanisms was chosen primarily because it highlights the relationships between blast wave properties and structural response or damage. But, we hope that you now also know that the P-i or isodamage curves for structures can be useful design tools. 

In the study of chemistry, the properties and composition of matter are investigated, along with the nature of electromagnetic radiation and how it affects matter. Electromagnetic radiation is radiant energy that exhibits wave properties and travels at the speed of light (when in a vacuum). 

Huygens, C. 1629-1695 Wave properties and speed of light Mason (1961)... 

Electromagnetic radiation exhibits wave properties and particulate properties. The energy of each photon of the radiation is related to the wavelength and frequency by the equation Fphoton = hv = hc/k. 

A much tighter correlation was found between few and the mean square wave slope of shorter wind waves than there was with U or u (Jahne et al., 1987). This led to the conclusion that a wave-related mechanism was controlling few at intermediate U and that enhancements were due to increased turbulence generated by waves close to the water surface. More recently, the presence of microscale wave breaking has been speculated to be a fundamental mechanism underlying this increase in turbulence and hence the enhancement in few (Zappa et al., 2001). There are surprisingly few, if any, field experiments that show a direct link between wave properties and few. 

Distinguish carefully between the following terms (a) wavelength and frequency, (b) wave properties and particle properties, (c) quantization of energy and continuous variation in energy. 

The wave mechanical model assumes the electron has both particle and wave properties and describes electrons as occupying orbitals. 

The wave and particle properties of matter complement each other (the complementarity principle-, N. Bohr, 1928). Throughout this book we use models based on wave properties and sometimes on particle properties, depending on which more directly explain the particular phenomenon under discussion. 

The diffraction of electrons is more than an interesting special phenomenon. It shows that happenings on the scale of electronic magnitudes cannot be envisaged in the same way as ordinary macroscopic events, where it would be nonsensical to find wave properties and particulate properties mixed up in this way. 

In 1924, Louis de Broglie proposed that all matter has wave properties and that the wavelength of the associated wave is related to the momentum, p, of the particle by the expression already derived for photons, namely ... 

Matter also has wave properties, and it is impossible to determine simultaneously the exact position and exact motion of an electron in an atom (Heisenberg s uncertainty principle). 

This is known as wave-particle duality and is the idea that all particles have wave properties and all waves show particle properties. The concept of wave-particle duality means that neither the particle nor the wave model can be used consistently to explain every behaviour and property of matter and light. The waves associated with particles are termed matter waves (Figure 12.3) and should not be confused with electromagnetic waves, such as light. 

In words, an electron beam should exhibit wave properties for example, like light, it should produce a diffraction pattern. This prediction has been verified by numerous experiments. Fig. 6.12. Thus, like electromagnetic radiations, particles of matter exhibit wave properties and particle properties. The electron microscope, now a common laboratory tool (Fig. 26.6, page 562), is an application of the de Broglie concept. 

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