Water structure network formation

As we know from carbon and silicone chemistry, only tetrahedral coordination allows the formation of a three-dimensional network, and thus the formation of an associated tetrahedral ice and liquid water structure is the main reason for all the unusual properties of water. Some examples are given ... 

Twiss and Carpenter (1938) had also proposed that the water soluble polymers induced creaming by a type of cross-linking mechanism. They pointed out that water soluble polymers of the type studied formed a loose network in solution, as witnessed by their exhibition of a high structural viscosity. Twiss and Carpenter argued that if the chains of the water soluble polymer were adsorbed onto the latex particles, then the particles might be interlinked by network formation between polymer chains adsorbed on different particles. 

PMF. Understanding PMF is of great importance in biology and chemistry, in such phenomena as aggregation, cluster formation, protein folding, and protein-DNA interaction, to name a few. When large hydrophobic solutes are present in water, then they introduce a distortion in the HB network around them. Therefore, two hydrophobic solutes can interact with each other even when they are far apart, at the scale of solvent molecular diameter. Such large-scale distortion of the water structure is not present for small solute molecules, such as methane, which can be easily accommodated within the water structure. 

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