Water splitting schematic diagram

Figure 4.16 — Schematic diagram of a split-stream FI system used for the determination of glutamine in bioreactor media C de-ionized water carrier stream R buffer diluent reagent stream S sample injection point L delay coils CPG controlled pore glass enzyme reactor ISE ammonium ion-selective membrane electrode W waste. (Reproduced from [139] with permission of the American Chemical Society).

Fig. 8.9 Schematic diagram of PV-electrolysis systems proposed for solar water splitting (a) Electricity generated from photovoltaic cell driving water electrolysis (b) PV assisted cell with immersed semiconductor p/n junction as one electrode.

It is generally accepted that three major processes limit the photoelectrochemical current in semiconductors after a bandgap excitation [76]. These processes are schematically illustrated in the band diagram shown in Fig. 3.2. The bold arrows show the desired processes for efficient water splitting PEC cell after a bandgap excitation the transport of electrons to the back contact, the transfer of the hole to the semiconductor surface and the oxidation of water at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. The three major limiting processes are a) bulk recombination via bandgap states, or b) directly electron loss to holes in the... 

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of redox (sacrificial) reagents (a) reducing reagent (Red) for H2 evolution and (b) oxidizing reagent (Ox) for O2 evolution (Maeda and Domen, 2007).

Figure 15 Schematic diagram of photocatalyst surface modification by the addition of cocatalyst to facilitate the hydrogen (a) or oxygen (b) evolution in water splitting.

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of S-NH3 photo-thermochemical water splitting cycle.

FIG. 14 (a) Redox potentials for valence and conduction bands of Ti02 in comparison with the potentials for hole capture by water and electron capture by oxygen, (b) Schematic diagram of the initial stages of photoinduced water splitting at Ti02 nanoparticles modified by RUO2 and Pd clusters. 

Fig. 10 Top schematic diagram of an I1O2 catalyzed water-splitting dye-sensitized solar cell. Following light excitation and oxidative quenching of the excited state of Ru(II), the hole is transferred to Ir(IV), activating the Ir02 catalyst toward water oxidation. Bottom left photocurrent...

Fig. 7.4 Schematic eneigy band diagram for an ideal photoelectrochemical cell with a singleabsorber semiconductor photoanode and a metal cathode for light assisted water splitting. The electrochemical potentials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are represented by —qE°, where represents the reduction potential for the corresponding redox couples...

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