Water quality analysis simulation

WASP/TOXIWASP/WASTOX. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP, 3)is a generalized finite-difference code designed to accept user-specified kinetic models as subroutines. It can be applied to one, two, and three-dimensional descriptions of water bodies, and process models can be structured to include linear and non-linear kinetics. Two versions of WASP designed specifically for synthetic organic chemicals exist at this time. TOXIWASP (54) was developed at the Athens Environmental Research Laboratory of U.S. E.P.A. WASTOX (55) was developed at HydroQual, with participation from the group responsible for WASP. Both codes include process models for hydrolysis, biolysis, oxidations, volatilization, and photolysis. Both treat sorption/desorption as local equilibria. These codes allow the user to specify either constant or time-variable transport and reaction processes. 

Ambrose, R.B., Jr., T.A. Wool, and J.L. Martin. 1993. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASPS. Part A Model Documentation. U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, September 20. 

Wool, T.A., R.B. Ambrose, J.L. Martin, and E.A. Comer. 2001. Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), Version 6.0—Draft Users Manual. U.S. EPA. - Region 4. Atlanta, GA. 

Hydraulic Transients in Pipes. Unsteady flow in pipe networks can be gradual therefore, it can be modeled as a series of steady solutions in an extended period simulation, mostly usefiil for water-quality analysis. However, abrupt changes in a valve position, a sudden shutoff of a pump because of power failure, or a rapid change in demand could cause a hydrauUc transient or a water hammer that travels back and forth in the system at high speed, causing large pressure fluctuations that could cause pipe rupture or collapse. 

Reckhow KH. 1994. Water quality simulation modeling and uncertainty analysis for risk assessment and decision making. Ecol Model 72 1-20. 

Epoxy is used as a lining for water reservoirs, water mains, and home plumbing systems (Heim and Dietrich, 2007a). These applications can impact sensory quality of tap water in food manufacturing, food service operations, and residential homes. This effect may be most noticeable in water but residual aroma and flavor compounds may cause a taint in foods prepared with these water sources. An odor assessment, using a water industry standard flavor profile analysis method, identified a strong relationship between water (simulated tap water, pH 7.7-7.9) stored in epoxy-lined copper pipes for 3-4 days and an odor described... 

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