Water-gas shift reaction kinetics

Germani, G., and Schuurman, Y. 2006. Water-gas shift reaction kinetics over p-structured PtCe02Al203 catalysts.AIChEJ. 52 1806-13. 

It was found that the Ru complex exhibited about 20 times the activity of the other catalysts. The authors also examined the water-gas shift reaction kinetics over Mo(CO)6. They observed (1) the turnover number of hydrogen increased with increasing KOH concentration that was close to first order (2) the hydrogen... 

Rice, S.F., Steeper, R. R. Aiken, J. D. Water Density Effects on Homogeneous Water-Gas Shift Reaction Kinetics J. Phys. Chem. A, 102(16) (1998), 2673-2678. 

Amadeo, N.E. and Laborde, M.A. Hydrogen production from the low temperature water-gas shift reaction kinetics and simulation of the industrial reactor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1995, 20, 949. 

Three different versions of the basic one dimensional model were developed, two heterogeneous models and a pseudo-homogeneous model. The difference in the two heterogeneous models is the way the sorbent was installed in the reactor bed. One model version considers that Li2Zr03 and the reforming catalyst are coated on two different particles, while in the other case there is one particle with both catalytic and capture properties. The steam methane reforming and the water-gas shift reaction kinetics are taken from Xu and Proment [14], but corrected for different properties of the catalyst. 

N. E. Amadeo and M. A. Laborde, Hydrogen Production from the Low-Temperature Water-Gas-Shift Reaction Kinetics and Simulation of the Industrial Reactor , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 20(12), 949(1995). 

F. Bustamante, R. M. Enick, R. P. Kill-meyer. B. H. Howard, K. S. Rothenber-ger. A. V. Cugini, B. D. Morreale, M. V. Ciocco. Uncatalyzed and wall-catalyzed forward water-gas shift reaction kinetics, AIChEJ. 2005, 51(5), 1440-1454. 

Y. Choi, G. Stenger, Water gas shift reaction kinetics and reactor modeling for fuel cell grade hydrogen, J. Power Sources 124 (2003) 432—439. 

Smith, Byron R. J. et al. (2010). A review of the water gas shift reaction kinetics. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Vol. 8, Review R4, ISSN 1542-6580. 

Rice, S. F., Steeper, R.R. and Aiken, J.D. (1998) Water density effects on homogeneous water-gas shift reaction kinetics, J. Phys. Chem. A 102,2673-2678... 

German G, Schuurman Y. Water-gas shift reaction kinetics over micro-structured Pt/Ce02/Al203 catalysts. AIChE Journal 2006 52 1806-1813. 

HTS catalyst consists mainly of magnetite crystals stabilized using chromium oxide. Phosphoms, arsenic, and sulfur are poisons to the catalyst. Low reformer steam to carbon ratios give rise to conditions favoring the formation of iron carbides which catalyze the synthesis of hydrocarbons by the Fisher-Tropsch reaction. Modified iron and iron-free HTS catalysts have been developed to avoid these problems (49,50) and allow operation at steam to carbon ratios as low as 2.7. Kinetic and equiUbrium data for the water gas shift reaction are available in reference 51. 

A micro-kinetic model based on 13 elementary steps, of which the first 8 relate to the water-gas shift reaction, describes the process well ... 

The low temperature water-gas shift reaction is well described by a micro-kinetic model [C.V. Ovesen, B.S. Clausen, B.S. Hammershoj, G. Sreffensen, T. Askgaard, I. Chorkendorffi J.K. Norskov, P.B. Rasmussen, P. Stoltze and P.J. Taylor,/. Catal. 158 (1996) 170] and follows to a large extent the scheme in Eqs. (23-31). The analysis revealed that formate may actually be present in nonvanishing amounts at high pressure (Fig. 8.18). 

As a result of the kinetics and the equilibria mentioned above, all iodide in the system occurs as methyl iodide. The reaction in Equation (2) makes the rate of the catalytic process independent of the methanol concentration. Within the operation window of the process, the reaction rate is independent of the carbon monoxide pressure. The selectivity in methanol is in the high 90s but the selectivity in carbon monoxide may be as low as 90%. This is due to the water-gas shift reaction ... 

Leppelt, R., Schumacher, B., Plzak, V., Kinne, M., and Behm, R.J. 2006. Kinetics and mechanism of the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction on Au/Ce02 catalysts in an idealized reaction atmosphere. J. Catal. 244 137-52. 

Grenoble, D.C., Estadt, M.M., and Ollis, D.F. 1981. The chemistry and catalysis of the water gas shift reaction. 1. The kinetics over supported metal catalysts. J. Catal. 67 90-102. 

In 1997, the authors304 successfully modeled the kinetics of the reverse water-gas shift reaction over Cu0/Zn0/Al203 catalysts by applying the redox process to... 

Jakdetchai and Nakajima/Wang and coworkers—theoretical models favor redox mechanism. Beginning in 2002, a number of theoretical models were published in Theochem studying the water-gas shift reaction over Cu(110), Cu(lll), and Cu(100) surfaces. Perhaps the first was by Jakdetchai and Nakajima,325 relying on the AMI method. The main goal of the study was (1) to determine whether or not theoretical calculations are consistent with a redox or associative (e.g., formate) mechanism and (2) whether the kinetics are described best by a Langmuir-Hinshel-wood expression or an Eley-Rideal expression. That is, in the case of a redox model, does the adsorbed O adatom react with adsorbed CO or directly with gas phase CO Their approximate A//a[Pg.205]

Wheeler, Schmidt, and coworkers—kinetic model for Pt/Ce at short contact times over medium to high T range. In 2004, Wheeler and coworkers422 reported on the water-gas shift reaction over Pt/ceria at short contact times (0.008-0.05 sec) for temperatures between 300 and 1000 °C. The reactant composition for CO, H2, and H20 was 1/2/4. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model was used to adequately fit the medium and high temperature shift data ... 

M. J. L. Gines and C. R. Apesteguia, Water-gas shift Reaction reduction kinetics and mechanism of CuZnO/Al203 catalysts, 2001. 

---