Water Conservation Area phosphorus

FIGURE 8.55 Pore water ammonium profiles of select wetlands in Florida. WCA-2-F1 = water conservation area-phosphorus-enriched site WCA-2-217 = water conservation area-phosphorus-limited site Sunny Hill Farm = agricultural land converted to wetland ESA-TW = natrrral wetland used for wastewater treatment. 

Originally, the water conservation areas were designed as buffer zones for waters destined for the southern Everglades and Everglades National Park. However, phosphorus impacts in these areas have shown signs of spreading to the pristine Everglades. Various... 

Fig. 3.18. Ion-pair chromatography of organic matter isolated from Water Conservation Area 2A in the Florida Everglades. Chromatography conditions as described in Fig. 3.11. Samples were concentrated by ultrafiltration and lyophilization by factors of —25. Injection volume was 20 jjlI. On-line ultraviolet detection indicated by solid line off-line phosphorus-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) indicated by dotted line. Fractions were collected for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection at 1 min (1 ml) intervals. (AUS = absorbance units.)...

Figure 3.19 contains phosphograms of filterable organic phosphorus isolated from the outlet of the ENR and from within Water Conservation Area 2A. Clearly, the filterable organic phosphorus from the ENR, which is presumably formed within the wetland and is younger , is different from that in Water Conservation Area 2A. In the next section we describe additional mass spectrometry experiments that attempt to qualitatively identify these different organic phosphorus compounds. 

Fig. 3.19. Ion-pair chromatography with phosphorus-specific inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection of organic matter isolated from the Experimental Nutrient Removal (ENR) wetland outflow (dotted line) and Water Conservation Area 2A (solid line). Chromatography conditions and sample preparation as described in Eigs 3.11 and 3.12.

FIGURE 9.27 Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of soils from northern Everglades (Water Conservation Area 2A) (Clark, 2002). 

Bruland, G. L., T. Z. Osborne, K. R. Reddy, S. Grunwald, S. Newman, and W. F. DeBusk. 2007. Recent changes in soil total phosphorus in the Everglades Water Conservation Area 3. Environ. Monit. Assess. 129 379-395. 

DeBusk, W. F., S. Newman, and K. R. Reddy. 2001. Spatio-temporal patterns of soil phosphorus enrichment in Everglades Water Conservation Area 2A. J. Environ. Qual. 30 1438-1446. 

One of the major sources of water pollution in East Africa is human waste. The effluents from untreated mimicipal sewers pose great danger to the conservation of a sustainable ecology in and around Lake Victoria. Municipal sewage contains both faeces and urine that are sources of phosphorus. Therefore let us make two assumptions that will enable us calculate the phosphorus contributions from these sources. Let us assume that each person produces 25-50 kg/yr of faeces which contain 0.18 kg P second, assume that each adult produces about 400 liters of urine per year, depending on liquid consumption, and contains 0.40 kg P. This is because municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants are known to be the major point sources of phosphorus in urban areas." Waste disposal sites, construction sites, fertilizers and farmyards also make substantial contribution to the total phosphorus load. However, all these have not been adequately evaluated. Given the number of sewered and unsewered municipalities and their populations in Table 2, one is able to calculate the amount of phosphorus produced. 

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