Water, acid hypertonic

The electrolytes and acid-base balance should be restored in careful coordination with the renal function. In hyponatraemia, either the fluid intake should be reduced to 700-1,000 ml/day, or a combination of a hypertonic salt solution (3%) and a loop diuretic should be administered intravenously, (s. p. 308) Likewise, an attempt can be made using a combination of diuretics and urea diuresis. Generally, sodium and water intake should be restricted. It is imperative to achieve an even volumetric balance, possibly supported by the cautious intake of fluid. 

Inhalation of distilled water will cause bronchoconstriction in 60% of infants with a history of wheeze (SEDA-17, 212). K nebulizer solutions are hypotonic or hypertonic or contain preservatives (such as benzalkonium chloride, edetic acid, sulfites and metabisulfite) they can cause paradoxical bronchoconstriction. It has been recommended that aU nebulizer solutions should be isotonic and free of preservatives (SEDA-13,132). Unit dose vials are available in which the drug solution is isotonic and preservative-free. However, multidose formulations are stiU available and are widely used, as the cost per dose is less. 

Figure 9.6 The dependence of salicylic acid absorption on the net water flux (positive sign flow directed from the lumen and towards the blood) in the rat jejunal loop perfused with hypo-, iso- and hypertonic solutions at pH 6.2 and 2.2. The lines, mean values with 95% confidence limits (shaded areas), were calculated by means of the parameters determined by a kinetic model with the following constants concentration of salicylic acid in the perfusion solution 32.3 /

To the main mechanical washing effect, DIPHOTERINE solution adds chelating and amphoteric abilities which aim to stop each of the six possible reactions with chemical substances (acid-base reaction, reduction/oxidation, chelation, addition, substitution, solvation). Its hypertonic property allows it to attract chemical product from tissues to the outside. The solution is applied with a spray or with a shower depending on the stroked area, even if previously an irrigation with water was done previonsly. Nevertheless, some anthors have shown that the better results are obtained when DIPHOTERINE solution is first applied. 

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