Waste load index

Concentration of (ppm) in waste form (waste loading) Normalized leach rate (g/m day) in PCX Leachability index in ANS 16.1 test... 

As mentioned in Section 17.3.1, retention of quadrivalent actinide oxides within the phosphate matrix is not a major issue because these oxides are insoluble in water, and all that is needed is their microencapsulation by the phosphate components of the matrix. This was demonstrated in a number of studies on UO2 and PUO2 and their surrogate Ce02. If the actinides are found in a trace amount in the waste, their chemical form is not so important because the phosphate matrix immobilizes them very efiectively. For example, the wastewater in the case study given in Section 16.3.2.2 contained 32 pCi/ml of and 0.6 pCi/ml of The ANS 16.1 tests conducted on the waste forms with 18.6pCi/g loading of combined U in the waste form showed that the leaching index was 14.52. XCLP tests also showed that levels in the leachate were below the detection limit of 0.2 pCi/ml. This implies that microencapsulation of trace-level U is very efiective in the Ceramicrete matrix. 

FOEN, 2009. Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment. Assessment and Reduction of the Pollutant Load Due to Municipal Waste Water. FOEN, Berne, Switzerland, http //www.bafu. admin.cli/pubKkationen/pubKkation/01039/index.html lang=en. 

One of the most recurrent case studies for the demonstration of the operation and possibilities offered by BioET is that of the determination of phenolic compounds, by phenol-degrading enzymes tyrosinase and laccase. Departing from these measurements, there can be developed different applications (1) to perform the iden-tification/classification of types of samples, (2) to estimate general indexes and (3) to resolve the presence of specific phenolic compounds. And many different specific applications can be developed to estimate polyphenolic compounds in wine, beer, juices, teas, coffee, fruits, etc., or to estimate polluting load in wastes originated in this type of industries. 

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