Warm-up phenomenon

Tomai F, Danesi A, Ghini AS, Crea F, Perino M, Gaspardone A, Ruggeri G, Chiariello L, Gioffre PA. Effects of K(ATP) channel blockade by glibenclamide on the warm-up phenomenon. Eur Heart J 1999 20(3) 196-202. 

F. Tomai, Warm up phenomenon and preconditioning in clinical practice, Heart 87, 91 100 (2002). 

Y. Okazaki, K. Kodama, H. Sato, M. Kitakaze, A. Hirayama, M. Mishima, M. Hori, M. Inoue, Attenuation of increased regional myocardial consumption during exercise as a major cause of warm-up phenomenon, J Am Coll Cardiol 21,1597-604 (1993). 

Protocols 1, 2 and 3 (Sect. 4.2) provide examples of the warming-up phenomenon. Protocol 1 shows, for example, that on March 4 the rat reached the goal in 12/01// at the first trial, in 4/29// at the 2nd trial, and this time varied between 57" and 2/35" in the following eight trials. The rats whose performance is registered in Protocols 2 and 3 behaved similarly. 

Steam, or water hammer (more properly called hydraulic hammer), is one process plant phenomenon familiar to the general public. I well remember trying to warm up the steam system of a large amine plant in Texas City in 1980, and feeling more than hearing, the crescendo of crashes, due to steam hammer. The cause of steam hammer is illustrated in Fig. 8.7. 

Thus Tibet has detected experimentally in humans the phenomenon we observed in rats and described as warming up. He just did not know what happened. He obviously activated, with the aid of electrical stimulation, a chain of ICRs and ecphorized the engram as an integral whole. He needed 0.5 s until the cooperating neurons were brought to the state of excitability inseparable from conscious perception. 

Ferrite is essentially pure iron with a body-centered cubic crystal stracture. Ferrite forms from austenite at about 1675°F (915°C), as the austenite cools from a normalizing heat treatment. Because ferrite does not contain enough carbon to permit the formation of martensite, it is not hardenable by heat treatment. The most common truly ferritic steel is Type 405 SS, a ferritic stainless steel. The generic term ferritic steel often refers to carbon or low-alloy steels that contain other phases in addition to ferrite. Such steels are usually hardenable by heat treatment. Ferritic steels become brittle at low temperatures. This phenomenon is reversible, that is, the steels regain their former toughness after being warmed up. Ferritic steels are also susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. 

In order to further investigate this phenomenon, DPOMe-ended PIB was prepared, purified, and then dissolved in CH2Cl2/n-hexane solvent mixture (40/60 v/v), cooled to -78 °C, and polymerization conditions were created by adding N,N-dimethylacetamide and TiCl4. This system was also allowed to warm up, and samples were withdrawn at different temperatures. Results identical to the experiment shown in Figure 1 were observed, indicating that retroaddition of DPE takes place from the DPOMe-ended PIB. 

The reason for this phenomenon is that the mountain slopes surrounding the Los Angeles air basin become heated by the sun the layer of air in contact with the slopes is also heated and moves up the slopes. When the inversion layer is deep and strong, much of this rising polluted air does not get sufficiently warm to penetrate the inversion completely, so it moves out and away from the slopes and remains within the inversion layer multiple pollution peaks within the inversion layer result. 

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