Wall-temperature classification

Table 12. Classification of the plasma furnace (ref. as a function of the particle residence time (tj) and diameter (d), of the plasma temperature T and of the plasma furnace wall temperature T<,...

Classification of Partitions. Partitions are relatively thin, solid walls mounted inside the enclosure, as for example in Fig. 4.33. The partitions are passive in the sense that neither their temperature nor heat flux is prescribed. Depending on their extent and orientation, such partitions can have profound effect on the heat transfer. Partitions can be classified in various ways. Complete partitions run continuously from one side to another partial partitions have... 

The classification into different size fractions can be realised by gravitation (sedimentation FFF), by centrifugal fields (centrifugation FFF), by thermophoresis in temperature gradients (thermal FFF), by electric fields (electrical FFF), or by hydrodynamic fields, i.e. crossflow through the wall(s) (flow FFF). Even though the main fields of application are coUoidal systems, one can also employ FFF for the classification of micrometre particles (x > 1 pm). In that case, diffusion can be usually neglected, yet hydrodynamic lift forces and steric effects counteract the external field and cause a reversal of the size dependency. 

Adhesives for ceramic tiles are specified by the standard EN 12004 2007 (Adhesives for tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification, and designation), and includes performance requirements for cementitious, dispersion, and reaction resin adhesive types for all internal and/or external wall, floor and ceiling applications. Annex ZA, of this standard, sets out the requirements, which address the provisions of the Construction Products Directive (see O Sect. 35.4 below), and include assessments of durability. Compliance with these requirements confers a presumption of fitness for purpose for the applications and form part of a CE mark. In these cases durability is assessed by elevated temperature and/or water immersion accelerated ageing or freeze-thaw cycling of test specimens and then determining tensile or shear adhesion strength against minimum requirements. 

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