Volumetric evaporation rates

H20 evaporative capacity, kg HjO/h density of mass stream, kg/(m s) volumetric evaporation rate, kg H20/(m s) material moistiue content, % by weight empirical constant in Equation 45.10... 

The energy performance of a dryer and a drying process is characterized by various indices such as volumetric evaporation rate, surface heat losses, steam consumption, unit heat consumption, and energy (thermal) efficiency. Of all these indices, the energy efficiency / is most frequently quoted in technical specifications. It commonly relates the energy used for moisture evaporation at the solids feed temperature ( , ) to the total energy supplied to the dryer ( ,) ... 

From previous experience, it is known that the laundry detergent can effectively be formulated and dried in a countercurrent spray dryer using combustion gases at 240°C and 120°C at the dryer inlet and outlet, respectively. The volumetric evaporation rate under these conditions is 3.5 kg H20/m h. 

According to the specified values of the dryer capacity and the volumetric evaporation rate (3.5 kg HjO/m h), the dryer volume should be 570 m. Hence, the dryer FOB cost in the year 2006 can be calculated from Equation 65.5 ... 

The volumetric evaporation rate, heat utilization factor, and dynamic bed height need to be taken from experimentally obtained correlations. The static bed height (//,) can be chosen assuming that for a particular drying material, its residence time in the small and large dryers is the same ... 

Interestingly, better drying performance (lower final moisture contents and higher volumetric evaporation rates) was found for ISD with a rectangular impingement chamber than for the cylindrical one that is commonly used in laboratory studies and industrial units (Cao and Liu, 2000). This effect can be attributed to a different flow pattern that results in improved heat and mass transfer. 

By use of eq 11, this isotopic information, and the average annual precipitation and evaporation rates (0.79 and 0.52 m/year, respectively), the average annual groundwater inflow rate to Sparkling Lake was estimated to be 0.27 m/year (expressed as the volumetric flow rate divided by the surface... 

On the air side calibrated thermocouples to measure temperature at different locations in the cell two capacitive hygrometers on the evaporator a humidity controller designed to deliver a maximum vapor flow rate of lOkg/h have been installed. A liquid flowmeter to measure the volumetric flow rate of the aqueous desiccant solution at the membrane contactor outlet was used. All instruments are connected to a data logger. 

What is the volumetric flow rate of the nitrogen entering the evaporator if the temperature and pressure of this stream are ITC and 475 mm Hg gauge ... 

---