Volume recovery

Phenyl (Cohesive Technologies), the polymer-based Oasis HLB (Waters), the Cyclone (Cohesive Technologies), and the porous graphitized carbon-based Hypercarb (ThermoHypersil, Cheshire, UK) Cohesive s 2300 system was the HTLC component. Merck s monolithic reversed-phased Chromolith Speed ROD (RP-C18 (50 x 4.6 mm) served as the analytical column. The Oasis HLB, Cyclone TFC, and Hypercarb yielded the best retention capacity and good elution efficiency and volume. Recovery was 42 to 94% with a sample volume of 10 mL. Run time was 14 min. LODs were 0.4 to 13 ng/L for most compounds. 

Table II Surface Area and Pore Volume Recovery ...

Table I. Volume recoveries on Kromekote cards beneath sample trees and in...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel WP) Application 2 gallons/acre Volume Recovery Volume Recovered... 

For a product recovery of 96 percent, optimum solutions were obtained and are presented graphically via design charts. The design charts plot the optimum diafiltration volume and total time cycle as a function of other operating conditions, i.e., initial volume, recovery, membrane area and flux. For a recovery other than 96 percent, the optimum solution can be obtained using the equations developed in this paper in a similar manner. 

Since the initial volume, recovery, membrane area and flux parameters (m, b) are all constant and known or specified, the total batch cycle time is a function of the relative diafiltra-tion volume (Vo/Vd) only. The optimum can be determined by differentiating Equation (5) with respect to Ud and setting the result to zero, i.e. 

Influence of the volume of the sample (R24, R87). Determination of the glucose concentration depends on the dosage of the sample volume. If the volume is altered by 10%, an error of approx. 18 mg/dl or 1 mmol/1 may result. In the range between 30 to 32 1 (EDTA blood or EDTA plasma) there is no dependence on the volume (recovery 100 5%). New stripes showed no influence of the applied sample volume between 26 to 34 pi (RN6). 

Pre-packed column Sample volume loading per run Sample volume recovery per run Code No. 

This is the weight fraction of enzyme in the feed actually recovered in the final permeate, normalized to the volume fraction of the feed collected as permeate. Unlike a simple yield calculation, this efficiency separates the effect of volume recovery from the effects of protein transmission. For example, for a five-fold volume reduction of the cell broth (before diafiltration), a protein passage efficiency of 100% corresponds to a yield of only 80%, because 20% of the protein originally fed is left behind in the retentate. For a constant passage efficiency, 3ueld will go up or down with changes in the volume reduction of the feed. For computational purposes, equation (3) reduces to a simple ratio of enz3une concentrations in the feed and final permeates ... 

Results from two studies involving high volume recovery of multicomponent process effluents are presented here as illustrations of recent applications of hyperfiltration membranes in a tubular configuration supported by porous stainless steel. The first is a laboratory separation of dyes frcm a saline dye manufactiaring process effluent and the second a pilot renovation of wash water from a dye range for reuse. 

A very important aspect of kinetic theories now surfaces. Equation (5-23) is concerned with the time dependence of volume recovery after a temperature jump. For the volume to change, the molecules must move. However, as discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, the rate at which the molecules can move is a sensitive function of the free volume, and the free volume is varying with time in Figure 5-9. Thus, it is clear that the retardation time in equation (5-23) must itself depend upon 8 and vary with time. This situation can be treated in quite a straightforward way by modifying equation (4-16) as... 

KONG Volume Recovery in Aerospace Epoxy Resins... 

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