Volume correction factor

Brake horsepower per 1 million ft /day measured at 14.7 psia and suction temperature using 75% overall compressor efficiency is given in Figure 12-68, and a volume correction factor is shown in Figure 12-69. 

Calculate the amount of boron present by reference to a calibration graph of absorbance against boron concentration (mg L 1). Multiply the result obtained by the appropriate volume correction factor arising from neutralisation of the sample. 

First-order estimates of entropy are often based on the observation that heat capacities and thereby entropies of complex compounds often are well represented by summing in stoichiometric proportions the heat capacities or entropies of simpler chemical entities. Latimer [12] used entropies of elements and molecular groups to estimate the entropy of more complex compounds see Spencer for revised tabulated values [13]. Fyfe et al. [14] pointed out a correlation between entropy and molar volume and introduced a simple volume correction factor in their scheme for estimation of the entropy of complex oxides based on the entropy of binary oxides. The latter approach was further developed by Holland [15], who looked into the effect of volume on the vibrational entropy derived from the Einstein and Debye models. 

The gas volume V depends on pressure p and temperature T according to pV = n - R-T (for an ideal gas). Assuming a constant pressure, a temperature T deviating from T0 = 273 K asks for a volume correction factor T/T0, i.e. the volume V at temperature T can be calculated according to ... 

Another correction factor arises because the X-ray beam is absorbed as it passes through the sample. The effect of this is to reduce the intensities of reflections that pass through large volumes of sample compared to those that pass through small volumes. Correction factors will depend upon sample shape and size, and a general formula applicable to all sample geometries can-... 

The volume correction factor of Carr is in general very small compared to the refractive index correction we shall not discuss it here. 

In practice, a computer test is made to determine the direction of mass transfer. If (AS cvlAt) is positive, a volume correction factor is calculated using (9). If (Ad cvlAt) is negative, it is set equal to d cvjdt) and included in (11). 

New volume = original volume x temperature correction (because cooling reduces gas volume, correction factor must be less than unity)... 

Stoichiometry Conversion Variables Volume Correction Factor Yield and Selectively... 

Since this is a gas phase reaction, the volume correction factor must be included in the rate expression... 

Table dC—Volume Correction Factors for Individual and Special Applications, Volume Correction to 60T Against Thermal Expansion Coefficients at 60 F Volume IV ... 

The first term in Eq. [429] is the hard-sphere exclusion volume term, which decreases the counterion concentration at the surface the second and third terms respectively represent the fluctuation potential and increase the surface concentration of ions. These terms can be included as an activity coefficient in a general-purpose algorithm through the exponential term in Eq. [378]. For ion distances Ar closer to the surface than three ion radii, Bratko and Vlachy multiply the ion concentrations in Eqs. [430] by an excluded volume correction factor B r) = (Ar- - a)j4a for distances Ar < a, ion concentrations are, of course, zero because of hard-sphere exclusion. 

The gross standard voliune ((jSV) is calctdated from the GOV, corrected with the volume correction factor (VCF). 

---