Voltage squared

The voltage drop during starting should be calculated using the speed current data, locked rotor power factor, and the distribution system con stants. Speed-torque values at this reduced voltage can be calculated, assuming that the torque varies as the voltage squared. These values are compared to driven equipment curves. 

High voltage square pulses from 0.5 to 3-3 KV/cm with pulse widths of around 2 msec were applied to the five bentonite suspensions. The pulse traces and the signal from the photomultiplier tube were simultaneously recorded at a resolution of 1024 points each in the transient recorder using a sample time increment of 40 usee and displayed on an oscilloscope. After 10 passes the data were transferred to the microcomputer and saved on floppy disk for subsequent analysis. The entire measurement sequence for one sample took a few minutes. 

As the limiting charge on the particle is proportional to the radius squared, the migration velocity of the particle will increase with particle size. As the electric field is proportional to the applied voltage, the migration velocity is proportional to the voltage squared. 

The breakdown voltages were determined for both d.c. voltages (applied across the electrodes at a steady rate of increase of about 100 V/sec) and pulsed voltages (square-wave voltage pulses of 2 X 10 sec duration). 

Figure 4. Current-voltage (—) and brightness-voltage (square) characteristics of a typical bilayer light-emitting device. Inset PL(" ) and EL(—) of a bilayer light-emitting device. Reproduced with permission from reference 23.

Therefore the charge on the droplet is dependent on the applied voltage (see Equation 19.20). The additional force applied to the growing drop thus shows a dependence on the applied voltage squared. The size and frequency of the droplets are determined by a simple mass (or volume) balance... 

---