Volcanic fallout

West Antarctica, but not at the very dry sites in East Antarctica. In addition to such continual counting methods, one can determine the absolute age of ice by identifying the fallout from volcanic eruptions of known age. 

FALLOUT (Radioactive . The term fallout generally has been used to refer to particulate mutter that is thrown into the atmosphere by a nuclear process of short time duration. Primary examples are nuclear weapon debris and effluents from a nuclear reactor excursion. The name fallout is applied both to matter that is aloll and to matter that has been deposited on the surface of the earfh. Depending on the conditions of formation, this material ranges in texture from an aerosol to granules uf considerable size. The aerodynamic principles governing tls deposition are the same as for any Other material of comparable physical nature that is thrown into the air. such as volcanic ash or particles from chimneys. Therefore, many of the principles learned in. studies of fallout from nuclear weapons can be applied lo studies of other particulate pollution in the atmosphere. 

The cumulative depositions of Cs, Sr, and fallout Pu in the volcanic ash soil of Korea were determined. From depth profiles, it was found that Cs, Sr, and in the... 

The study of volcanic Na-Techs is relatively recent, some examples relate to the investigation of the effects of volcanic ash fallout on structures Baxter et al. (1982) analysed the reduction of functionality of water treatment systems and the hazards related to the transportation of hazardous materials due to slippery road conditions Spence et al. (2004) evaluated the vulnerability of buildings Rasa et al. (2007) qualitatively described the effects of the ash fallout on building, electric... 

Milazzo, M.F., Ancione, G., Basco, A., Lister, D.G., Salzano, E. Maschio, G. 2013a. Potential loading damage to industrial storage tanks due to volcanic ash fallout. Natural Hazards, 66, 939-953. doi 10.1007/ si 1069-012-0518-5. 

This paper focuses on the study of the Na-Tech events triggered by volcanic ash emissions. The main reason of such a study is that, after the recent eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Iceland), the attention to the potential impacts of volcanic ash fallout, is growing. In particular this work deals with the analysis of the potential... 

A previous literature review allowed the identification of the main causes of damage in wastewater treatment plants associated with the volcanic ash fallout (Ancione et al., 2014). 

The potential damage of screens, caused by volcanic ash fallout, is associated with the amount of particles accumulated on the grid. The main causes of failure are (1) the partial or total blockage of the system and (2) the incomplete removal of the solid in waste stream Malfunctions can also cause economic losses, mainly related to the energy consumption. 

The study has provided the base for the construction of the vulnerability maps related to these facilities located in the area affected by the fallout of volcanic ash, according to the methodology presented by Milazzo et al. (2013c). 

The eruption of the volcano Krakatoa in Indonesia in 1883 provided some of the first evidence of global-scale transport of chemical substances, as the volcanic ash was transported around Earth and produced colorful sunrises and sunsets as well as globally lowered temperatures for more than a year. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991 led to similar worldwide effects. More insidiously, the global presence of radioactive fallout from the nuclear bomb tests of the 1950s and 1960s illustrates the capacity of the atmosphere to distribute chemicals around... 

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