Voids special treatment

Special Treatment of Voids— An interesting concept of voids in a regular array of spherical particles has been presented by W. O. Smith et al (1929). Assume a rhombohedral array such as shown in Figure 30, where the spacing is d + h between the particle centers, and 6 is adjusted to the observed porosity. From geometry, the number of spheres per unit-volume is equal to V2/ d + 5)3 and the total sphere volume is this quantity multiplied by (7t/6)dz. Hence, if the observed void is ... 

Finally in Sect. 6.3.3, we discuss the representation of voids in a co-ordination shell by empty cells with their associated e parameters. This approach at once accounts for the role of d-s" mixing in many recent interpretations of the ligand field properties of square co-ordinated complexes and also shows that the special treatment of the orbital in these studies does not represent a failure of the AOM approach in particular, or of ligand field theory in general. 

If adjustments for aggregate shape and traffic effects result in a reduction in basic voids factor of 0.4 lymVmm or more, special consideration should be given to the suitability of the treatment and possible selection of alternative treatments. Note that the recommended minimum VF is 0.10 L/m /mm in all cases. 

The second way that the fillers can be characterized is by their interaction with the polymer matrix. The fillers can be adherent to the polymer matrix whether inherently or by special surface treatment. The fillers may absorb the polymer phase because of high surface area and inherent wettability. They can react chemically with the polymer material to form a chemical bond, again, both by inherent structure or by suitable surface treatment. The filler can be catalytic to the structure and, in addition to acting as a filler can cause crosslinking of the structure, notably in the case of carbon black. Finally, the filler can be inert and nonadherent to the polymer and remain as just a void filler. 

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