Voice quality

A fourth problem is the use of other volunteers as the social partner in the social interaction paradigm. The social behaviour of different volunteers would vary. In addition their appearance, voice quality, interests could differ considerably and lead to potential differences in attractiveness. These factors might influence the results, especially on the measurement of rejection. Therefore, confederates were used to reduce such variation as recommended by Sacco et al. (1985). 

Change in anticipation of consequences of specific behaviors—either prebehavioral or learned from observation of consequences Change in voice quality... 

FO/pitch and timing are the two main acoustic representations of prosody, but this is largely because these are quite easy to identify and measure, other aspects of the signal, most notably voice quality are heavily influenced also. 

Pols, L. Voice quality of synthetic speech Representation and evaluation. a Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech and Tankage Processings 1994 (1994). 

SwERTS, M., and Veldhuis, R. The effect of speech melody on voice quality. Speech Communication 33, 4 (2001), 297-303. 

Turk, 0., Schroder, M., Bozkurt, B., and Arslan, L. Voice quality interploation for emotional speech synthesis. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2005 (2005). 

If a sentence is spoken with little or no affective content, i.e. in a discourse-neutral manner, we still see characteristic patterns in the phrasing, rhythm, pitch, voice quality and timing. Typical effects include phones at the ends of sentences or phrases being lengthened, syntactically salient words (e.g. heads) having more emphasis, FO levels being higher at the starts of sentences and so on. 

D Alessandro, C., and Doval, B. Voice quality modification for emotional speech synthesis. In Proceedings ofEurospeech 2003 (2003). 

If the patient s voice quality is compromised, for example, by reduced volume or duration of vocalization despite increasing inspiratory time and adjusting the PEEP, a one-way valve provides a way for ventilated patients to produce speech, provided subglottic airway obstruction is ruled out (25). The cuff down, one-way valve technique improves speech... 

Listen closely to the voice (male/female), voice quality (calm, excited), accents, and speech impediments. Immediately after the caller hangs up, report the threat to the person designated by management to receive such information. 

---