VOCCs

The molecular entities of VOCCs have been well characterized. Ten distinct genes have so far been cloned, six of which have been identified in smooth muscle (Hofmann et al 1999, Ertel et al 2000). In contrast, the molecular counterparts of ROCCs and CCE have long been elusive, due probably to the lack of specific ligands/blockers and the presence of complex entangled regulatory mechanisms. The transient receptor potential (TRP) protein gene... 

Increased Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) is... 

For the case study, it is not difficult to obtain that = 4.6 x 104 PEI/h, i.e. / is a constant. Therefore, when the feed condition of a reaction process is fixed, back-mixing and reaction temperature affect Igen and 7out in the same way. Since j> = voCc.outMc x 10-3, it is not difficult to find that, when the feed condition and Q out are specified, back-mixing and reaction temperature influence 7out and pei in the same way, too. 

In equation (3.01), A and B are empirical constants, Vocc is the volume occupied by the constituent particles and v/ is the free volume. In equation (3.02), r]a, C and To are constants. VTF equation implies that viscosities of glass forming supercooled liquids are non-Arrhenius and To is the temperature which linearizes the data of the non-Arrhenius plot. Cohen and Turnbull (Cohen and Turnbull, 1959 Turnbull and Cohen, 1961,... 

The free volume theory of liquids dates from the beginning of the 20th century. Two expressions for the free volume fraction, f, have been proposed, either f = (V - V )/V or less frequently used I d = (V - occy occ (Vocc is Ihe occupied volume). The theory was used to interpret the temperature (T) and pressure (P) dependencies of liquid viscosity [Batschinski, 1913]. The was defined as the specific volume at which the liquid viscosity... 

As Figure 11.9 shows, all three volumes V, Vocc, and Vf show a change in their coefficient of thermal expansion at Tg. In the context of this chapter, the following general conclusions on the behavior of the total, V, and the partial. Voce and V/, volumes as a function of T and P are important ... 

In contrast to Vf, the specific volume V in the glassy state of the polymer exhibits a larger slope than above Tg, which is due to the thermal contraction of Vocc ( occ,g O.Sag). The agreement of the slope dVld vh) fl-om the phenomenological relation Eq. (11.6) with dVf/d vh) from Eq. (11.5) above Tg we consider as evidence that o-Ps detects precisely the free volume calculated fl om S-S hole theory. The larger slope of dVld vh) below Tg supports the conclusion from the S-S equation of state calculation that Vocc shows here, as distinct from above Tg, a certain thermal expansion. 

The pressure dependence of V is, however, steeper, which is due to the compressibility of the occupied volume Vocc in the liquid and in the glassy state... 

The second approach [Dlubek et al., 1998a] avoids the use of /. First, we write the specific volume V= (mL/g) as a sum of the specific volume occupied by the atoms of the material, Vocc, and the specific free volume, Vf. 

VOCC (volatile organic compound content) is defined as follows Mass of the volatile organic compounds in a coating material, as determined under specified conditions. 

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