Vocalization

FIGURE 5.22 Schematic depiction of airflow pattern through the larynx. Note how eddies form downstream as air passes through the tracheal jet created by the vocal cords. This effect varies according to vocal chord position. 

Stimm-. of the voice, vocal timing of votes, -band, n. vocal chord. 

Cherry J. and Lepri J.J. (1986). Sexual dimorphism and gonadal control of ultrasonic vocalizations in adult pine voles Microtus pinetorum. Horn Behav 20, 34-48. 

Nyby J., Bigelow J., Kerchner M. and Barbehenn E (1983). Male mouse (Mus musculus) ultrasonic vocalizations to female urine why is heterosexual experience necessary Behav Neur Biol 38, 32-46. 

Shair H., Masmela J. and Hofer M. (1998). The influence of olfaction on potentiation and inhibition of ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups. Physiol Behav 65, 769-772. 

Language skills were more difficult to evaluate. The infants caretakers reported age-appropriate vocalizations. However, at clinic and home visits, we found the infants to be less vocal during the 1-hour session than we would have anticipated. 

Children Pain interviews may be conducted with children as young as 3 or 4 years of age however, communication may be limited by vocabulary.34 Terms familiar to children such as hurt, owie, or boo boo may be used to describe pain. The VAS is best used with children older than 7 years of age. Other scales based on numbers of objects (e.g., poker chips), increasing color intensity, or faces of pain may be helpful for children between 4 and 7 years of age. In children younger than 3 to 4 years of age, behavioral or physiologic measures, such as pulse or respiratory rate, may be more appropriate. Pain assessment in newborns and infants relies on behavioral observation for such clues as vocalizations (crying and fussing), facial expressions,... 

This book contains secret spiritual practices of the Baktashi Order as taught in the early part of the 20th century. These practices make use of signs and vocal formulas, which, if performed exactly and to their conclusion, transform the individual into the object the magnum opus of the medieval alchemists. These secrets are made plain in this text originally published in Germany in 1924 by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorf, Founder of the Thule Society... 

Ultrasonic vocalizations are emitted by rat pups (under the age of 14 days) when they are isolated from their mother, and are thought to reflect anxiety. This measure has proven sensitive to both anxiolytic and anxiogenic manipulation of GABA neurotransmission. However, the early developmental window used is problematic, in that chronic drug administration probably results in a variety of compensatory changes not seen in adulthood, and may alter development of relevant brain systems. Indeed, in contrast to the clinical situation, the antidepressant clomipramine has acute, but not chronic, anxiolytic efficacy in this model. 

Complications of surgery include persistent or recurrent hyperthyroidism (0.6% to 18%), hypothyroidism (up to about 49%), hypoparathyroidism (up to 4%), and vocal cord abnormalities (up to 5%). The frequent occurrence of hypothyroidism requires periodic follow-up for identification and treatment. 

Dullness to chest percussion, rales, and increased vocal fremitus are observed frequently on auscultation. Laboratory tests... 

Hari, C.K., Raza, S.A., and Clayton, M.I., Hydralazine-induced lupus and vocal fold paralysis, J. Laryngol. Otol., 112, 875, 1998. 

Holekamp, K.E., Boydston, E.E., Szykman, M., Graham, I., Nutt, K.J., Birch, S., Piskiel, A. and Singh, M. (1999) Vocal recognition in the spotted hyaena and its possible implications regarding the evolution of intelligence. Anim. Behav. 58, 383-395. 

The AIDS activist community was particularly vocal and effective in demanding more rapid approvals and increased access to therapies. There was also demand for... 

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