Vitamins hormones and

Retinyl acetate [127-47-9] M 328.5, m 57". Separated from retinol by column chromatography, then crystd from MeOH. See Kofler and Rubin [Vitamins and Hormones (NY) 18 315 1960] for review of purification methods. Stored in the dark, under N2 or Ar, at 0°. See Vitamin A acetate p. 574 in Chapter 6. 

Lipids are naturally occurring organic molecules that have limited solubility in water and can be isolated from organisms by extraction with nonpolar organic solvents. Fats, oils, waxes, many vitamins and hormones, and most nonprotein cell-meznbrane components are examples. Note that this definition differs from the sort used for carbohydrates and proteins in that lipids are defined by a physical property (solubility) rather than by structure. Of the many kinds of lipids, we ll be concerned in this chapter only with a few triacvlglycerols, eicosanoids, terpenoids, and steroids. 

Precursor and derived lipids These include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone bodies (Chapter 22), hydrocarbons, hpid-soluble vitamins, and hormones. 

Dl. Dalderup, L. M, Atherosclerosis and toxemia of pregnancy in relation to nutrition and other physiological factors. Vitamins and Hormones 17, 223-306 (1959). 

H20. Hutner, S. H., Nathan, H. A., and Baker, H., Metabolism of folic acid and other pterin-pteridine vitamins. Vitamins and Hormones 17, 1-52 (1959). 

Snell, E. E., Chemical structure in relation to biological activities of vitamin B8. Vitamins and Hormones 16, 77-125 (1958). 

R. J. Kntsky, Handbook of Vitamins and Hormones, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1973. 

Ehrenberg, A. Flavin radical-metal chelates. In Vitamins and hormones, Vol. 28 (Harris, R. S., Munson, P. L., Diezfalusy, E. eds.) pp. 489-503, New York, London, Academic Press 1970... 

Kutsky. J.F. Handbook o) Vitamins and Hormones. Van Nosirand Reinhold. New York. NY. 1973. 

Staff Academic Press Vitamins and Hormones, Vol. 63, Academic Press, Inc.. San Diegn, CA, 2001. 

Basic nitrogen compounds similar to the plant alkaloids also occur in animals, although the description animal alkaloid seldom is used. Certain amines and ammonium compounds play key roles in the function of the central nervous system (Figure 23-3) and the balance of amines in the brain is critical for normal brain functioning. Also, many essential vitamins and hormones are basic nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen bases also are vital constituents of nucleic acid polymers (DNA and RNA) and of proteins (Chapter 25). 

Joshi BH, Hogaboam C, Dover P, Husain SR, Puri RK. Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases. Vitamins and Hormones 2006, 74, 479-504. 

Bioavailable metals and metalloid species are either adsorbed or incorporated into the structure of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, sugars, vitamins and hormones to form complexes of varying degrees of thermodynamic stability and reactivity. These complexes could be classified as either metal-proteins or metalloproteins on the basis of their stability during isolation and purification (Vallee and Coleman, 1964). Whereas metal-proteins are relatively labile and the metal is easily lost during dialysis, metalloproteins are stable and inert. 

The clinical significance of these new fractions and their physiological fluctuations and relation to disease is not yet clear. But these new techniques give a hopeful renewal to electrophoretic work. Ultimately some components of serum, difficult to determine with the usual methods, such as some organic anions, enzymes, vitamins, and hormones might be visualized, separated, and collected. 

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