Viscosity methane

Properties. The physical properties of aHphatic fluorine compounds containing chlorine are similar to those of the PECs or HECs (3,5). They usually have high densities and low boiling points, viscosities, and surface tensions. The irregularity in the boiling points of the fluorinated methanes, however, does not appear in the chlorofluorocarbons. Their boiling points consistently increase with the number of chlorines present. The properties of some CECs and HCECs are shown in Tables 3 and 4. 

Example 23 Estimate the vapor viscosity of a mixture of propane and methane. Assume 60 mole percent methane and 40 mole percent propane at 125 C and 10.34 MPa total pressure. The low pressure viscosity is 0.0123 op. Use Eq. (2-102) ... 

The fluidizing gas is usually methane, helium, or another non-reactive gas. Factors to consider to obtain proper fluidization are the density and size of the particles to be coated, and the velocity, density, and viscosity of the gases.If the velocity is too low, the particles will fall into the gas inlet if it is too high, they... 

When the temperature of a carbonate reservoir that is saturated with high-viscosity oil and water increases to 200° C or more, chemical reactions occur in the formation, resulting in the formation of considerable amounts of CO2. The generation of CO2 during thermal stimulation of a carbonate reservoir results from the dealkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of water vapor, catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons by water vapor, and oxidation of organic materials. Clay material and metals of variable valence (e.g., nickel, cobalt, iron) in the carbonate rock can serve as the catalyst. An optimal amount of CO2 exists for which maximal oil recovery is achieved [1538]. The performance of a steamflooding process can be improved by the addition of CO2 or methane [1216]. 

The relaxation of gaseous methane, ethane and propane is by the spin-rotation mechanism and each pure component can be correlated with density and temperature [15]. However, the relaxation rate is also a function of the collision cross section of each component and this must be taken into account for mixtures [16]. This is in contrast to the liquid hydrocarbons and their mixtures that relax by dipole-dipole interactions and thus correlate with the viscosity/temperature ratio. 

Fig. 3.6.2 Relaxation time of pure alkanes or methane saturated alkanes as a function of viscosity, temperature and gas/oil ratio (GOR, m3 nT3) [13]. The solid line is for zero GOR. The dashed lines are for the indicated GOR.

S.-W. Lo, G. J. Hirasaki, W. V. House, R. Kobayashi 2002, Mixing Rules and Correlations of NMR Relaxation with Viscosity, Diffiisivity, and Gas/OU Ratio of Methane/Hydrocarhon Mixtures, presented at SPEJ, March 24-34, 2002. 

Similar results were obtained for the decomposition of phenylazotriphenyl-methane however, the lack of viscosity effect on the decomposition of azocumene suggests this process to be concerted. Other reports<9> also indicate symmetrically substituted azo compounds to decompose thermally by a concerted pathway. 

The first use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an extraction technique was reported by Zosel [379]. Since then there have been many reports on the use of SFE to extract PCBs, phenols, PAHs, and other organic compounds from particulate matter, soils and sediments [362, 363, 380-389]. The attraction of SFE as an extraction technique is directly related to the unique properties of the supercritical fluid [390]. Supercritical fluids, which have been used, have low viscosities, high diffusion coefficients, and low flammabilities, which are all clearly superior to the organic solvents normally used. Carbon dioxide (C02, [362,363]) is the most common supercritical fluid used for SFE, since it is inexpensive and has a low critical temperature (31.3 °C) and pressure (72.2 bar). Other less commonly used fluids include nitrous oxide (N20), ammonia, fluoro-form, methane, pentane, methanol, ethanol, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and dichlorofluoromethane [362, 363, 391]. Most of these fluids are clearly less attractive as solvents in terms of toxicity or as environmentally benign chemicals. Commercial SFE systems are available, but some workers have also made inexpensive modular systems [390]. 

Viscosity " Oxygen (02) b Carbon Dioxide (C02) Methane (CH4)c Helium (He)c Benzene (1 Decane d Acetone ... 

Carbon disulfide has been u imtjur chemical I m main years, Two-thirds of ils use was in viscose ruyon und cellophane production. Most of the real was used to produce carbon tetrachloride. Neither of these outlets appear to provide much future growth for carbon disulfide. The major manufacturing route is to react methane and sulfur vapor at OOtTC over u catalyst... 

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