Viscose rayon spinning machine

FIGURE 10.71 Viscose rayon spinning machine. (Courtesy of Kemira Oy Sateri, Valkealkoski, Finland.)... 

It should be mentioned that so inevitable is decomposition of cellulose xanthate and consequent gelation of the contents of pipes and tanks that all viscose rayon plants must be prepared to pump in-process viscose solutions to other spinning machines or to a waste receiver, purging the entire system with dilute caustic solution, in the event of a long delay in spinning. 

A horizontal spinning machine, as is used in viscose rayon production, was first adopted. However, there is an essential difference in the coagulation mechanism of PVA and viscose solutions. In the case of viscose rayon, hydrolysis of cellulose-xanthogenate to regenerated... 

Much of the cellulose acetate is delustered by the addition of titanium dioxide pigment, as with viscose rayon. Between filtrations (and after the last filtration), the dope goes to storage tanks that serve to remove bubbles in this case, a vacuum is not necessary. From the final storage tank, it is pumped into a header located at the top of each spinning machine then it is directed to a series of... 

The viscose obtained from Cross and Bevan was so successful for production of lamp filaments that Steam asked Topham to try to spin it for use in textiles. The first experiments failed dismally. After several years of painstaking work, Topham made several discoveries essential to the spinning of yam from viscose aging (ripening) of the solution, filtration to remove particles, multiple-hole platinum spinnerettes, and a circular, centrifugally operated yarn collecting device that twisted the yam and packaged it in convenient cake form [117]. The Topham box, as it is still called, or variations of it are still on many of the continuous-filament rayon machines today. 

Charles F. Cross, Edward J. Bevan, and Clayton Beadle with the so-called viscose process using alkali and carbon disulfide, cellulose is reversibly converted into the xanthogenate (or xanthate) and thus rendered soluble (the gelatinous solution was called viscoid ), spun, and then transformed back into cellulose in an acid bath, and now called rayon [38]. But it wasn t until 1900, with the invention of modem spinning equipment by Charles F. Topham, that it became possible to create cellulose fibers commercially [39], Jacques E. Brandenberger succeeded in producing crystal clear films out of rayon in 1908 in Paris with a new type of machine he called the product cellophane - the first flexible, transparent, and waterproof packaging material - and patented the process in 1918 [40]. 

RAYON INDUSTRY. Aluminum alloys have been used in the rayon industry for spinning buckets and bobbins, piping for viscose and wash water, filter presses and guide holders, desulfurization machines, ventilating and heater ducts, and blower equipment. See also Ref (1) P- 141. (3) pp. 124, 232. 

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