Viral transduction

Use of viral transduction methods allows stable integration of reporter genes—such as green (GFP) or yellow (YFP) fluorescent proteins, lacZ,... 

Stavenga DG, Grip WJ, Pugh EN (2000) In Molecular Mechanisms in Viral Transduction, Elsevier Science, New York. 

Acquired resistance happens when bacteria that were once sensitive to a drug become resistant. The gene that codes for resistance is transferred from one bacterium to another. This can occur by conjugation between two bacteria or by viral transduction. 

Few immortalized cell lines derived from human renal epithelial cells are available, particularly from normal kidney. Probably the best-known and most commonly used cell line derived from normal human kidney is the HK-2 cell, which was developed in 1994 (Ryan et al., 1994). In discussing this model elsewhere (Lash et al., 2014b), we noted that despite validation of several PT functions, immortalization of the cells by viral transduction undoubtedly will cause changes in cellular function, particularly related to processes such as cell proliferation and stress response. Additionally, a recent study (Huang et al., 2015) compared the sensitivity... 

The low frequency of MSCs in harvested tissue is another problem. In vivo cell therapy requires large numbers of cells, and insufficient cell numbers will not provide positive outcome (Habisch et al., 2007). For most of the cases, in vitro expansion is necessary to achieve adequate cells. Previous study proved that BMSCs express telomerase, which maintained telomere length many cell doublings but not thought to be immortal (Morrison et al., 1996). Moreover, some publications indicated that MSCs may lose their multipotentiality after six or seven passages in vitro culture (Colter et al., 2000, Sekiya et al., 2002). Increase the lifespan of MSCs by viral transduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase may help to solve the problem. 

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