Viral pathogens animals

The adhesion of bacterial and viral pathogens to their animal-cell targets occurs through binding of lectins in the pathogens to... 

Another microbiological purity issue that has been associated with human blood is the possibility of adventitious contamination with viral pathogens. Likewise, if animal blood is used as the red cell source, a spectrum of viruses have been identified as potential contaminants and possibly as zoonotic agents that may be infectious to humans. " Therefore, in addition to the careful control of the blood used as the Hb source, the process for Hb solution preparation should employ robust virus inactivation and removal steps to reduce the risk of disease transmission. 

Two trans-sialidases isolated from the animal-pathogenic Afiican trypanosome T. Congo lense show pronounced differences in their capacity for sialic acid transfer as compared with the hydrolytic activity. Partial sequences were obtained from these two enzymes by a PCR-based approach, showing 50% identity with each oflier, but are similar to viral, bacterial, animal siahdases and other trans-sialidases. Most of the critical active-site residues common to other trypanosomal siahdases and TS are conserved This similarity, together with the amino acid difference at the active site, between American and African (trans-)siahdases is depicted in the pubUcation. ... 

Biological agent the deliberate release of a bacterial or viral pathogen with the object of infecting man or animals to cause disability or death through pathophysiological effects... 

Viruses are the 2nd most problematic pathogen, behind protozoa. As with protozoa, most waterborne viral diseases don t present a lethal hazard to a healthy adult. Waterborne pathogenic viruses range in size from 0.020-0.030 jtim, and are too small to be filtered out by a mechanical filter. All waterborne enteric viruses affecting humans occur solely in humans, thus animal waste doesn t present much of a viral threat. At the present viruses don t present a major hazard to people drinking surface water in the U.S., but this could change in a survival situation as the level of human sanitation is reduced. Viruses do tend to show up even in remote areas, so a case can be made for eliminating them now. 

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