Vinylester composite

Brown, J.R., P.J.C. Chappell, Z. Mathys (1992b). Plasma surface modification of advanced organic fibers, part III. Effects on the mechanical properties of aramid/vinylester and extended chain polyethylene/ vinylester composites. J. Mater. Sci. 27. 6475-6480. 

The above-mentioned thermomechanical models only consider the elastic behavior of materials. Boyd et al. [13] reported on compression creep rapture tests performed on unidirectional laminates of E-glass/vinylester composites subjected to a combined compressive load and one-sided heating. Models were developed to describe the thermoviscoelasticity of the material as a function of time and temperature. In their work, the temperature-dependent mechanical properties were determined by fitting the Ramberg-Osgood equations and the temperature profiles were estimated by a transient 2D thermal analysis in ANSYS 9.0. 

Alvarez V, Rodriguez E, Vazquez A (2006) Ther mal degradation and decomposition of jute/ vinylester composites. J Therm Anal Calorim 85 383-389... 

E. S. Rodriguez, P. M. Stefani, and A. Vazquez, Effects of fibers alkali treatment on the resin transfer molding processing and mechanical properties of jute-vinylester composites, /. Compos. Mater. 41(14),1729-1741 (2007). 

B.K. Sarkar, md D. Ray, Effect of the defect concentration on the impact fatigue endurance of untreated md alkali treated jute-vinylester composites under normal and hquid nitrogen atmosphere. Compos. Sci. Technol. 64,2213-2219 (2004). 

Many types of resins are used in the composites industry, but the thermoset resins dominate the market. For instance, in 2007 more than 76% of the total volume was represented by thermoset composites (Lucintel, 2008). The main polymers used in construction under this heading are the epoxies, the vinylesters, unsaturated polyesters and the phenolics. Among these thermoset resins, the use of polyester resin is the highest on a volume basis whereas the use of vinylester composites is more limited (in 2007, they had a 2% share of total volumes). Currently the unsaturated polyesters are the most widely used polymers in construction. They are relatively low-cost materials, are easy to process and are an ambient temperature-cured material. 

Giass fibre-vinylester composite (randomly oriented fibres) (fibre/matrix ratio 67%) 1.84 19.3 269 1.07 14.90... 

Table 4.3 Short summary of applications of vinylester composites to bridges...

In the particular case of the apphcation of glass-fibre reinforced vinylester composites as internal reinforcement for concrete bridge deck slabs, the results showed their superior fatigue performance and longer fatigue life when compared with the steel-reinforced ones (El-Ragaby et al., 2007). 

Springer GS, Sanders BA, Tung RW (1981) Environmental effects on glass fiber reinforced polyester and vinylester composites. In Springer GS (ed) Environmental effects of composite materials. Technomic Publishing, Westport, pp 126-144... 

Hammami A, Al-Ghuilani N (2004) Durability and environmental degradation of glass-vinylester composites. Polym Compos 25(6) 609-616... 

Karbhaii VM, Zhang S (2003) E-glass/vinylester composites in aqueous environments - I experimental results. AppI Compos Mater 10(l) 19-48 Megel M, Kumosa L, Ely T, Armentrout D, Kumosa M (2001) Initiation of stress-corrosion cracking in unidirectional glass/polymer composite materials. Compos Sci Technol 61 (2) 231-246... 

The material is a TN International patented polymer composite, TN Vyal here after referred to as a vinylester composite. 

In addition of FTIR and gravimetric analysis, structural changes were also evaluated with DMA analysis performed on vinylester composite exposed to different temperatures and O2 partial pressure. The results are shown in Fig. 4.3. 

Fig. 4.3 The change in Tg of vinylester composite during its exposure to different temperatures...

Fig. 4.4 Weight loss curve obtained for vinylester composite at 140 °C under 2x10 Pa of O. experimental (o), model (—)...

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