Vinyl oxazoline graft polyolefins

Various macromonomers have been described in the literature many are based on polymers of S or (mcth)acrylatc esters [e.g. 43-46]. 1 he relative merits of macromonomers have been assessed in reviews by Hadjichristidis, Capek and coworkers,Ito and coworkers, Meijs and Rizzardo, Gnanou and Lutz and Rempp and Franta  

The reactivity of macromonomers in copolymeri/ation is strongly dependent on the particular comonomer-macromonomer pair. Solvent effects and the viscosity of the polymerization medium can also be important. Propagation may become diffusion controlled such that the propagation rate constant and reactivity ratios depend on the molecular weight of the macromonomer and the viscosity or, more accurately, the free volume of the medium. 

In Handbook of Radical Polymerization, Davis, T.P. Matyjaszewski, K., Eds. John Wiley Sons Hoboken, 2002 p 263. 

Eastmond, G.C. In Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics-, Bamford, C.H. Tipper, 

Furakawa, J. In Encyclopedia of Polymer Science, 2nd ed. Mark, Il.F. Bikales, 

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Radical induced grafting may be carried out in solution, in the melt phase,292 29 or as a solid state process.296 This section will focus on melt phase grafting to polyolefin substrates but many of the considerations are generic. The direct grafting of monomers onto polymers, in particular polyolefins, in the melt phase by reactive extrusion has been widely studied. Most recently, the subject has been reviewed by Moad1 9 and by Russell.292 More details on reactive extrusion as a technique can be found in volumes edited by Xanthos," A1 Malaika and Baker et a 21 7 The process most often involves combining a frcc-radical initiator (most commonly a peroxide) and a monomer or macromonomer with the polyolefin as they are conveyed through the extruder. Monomers commonly used in this context include MAII (Section 7.6.4.1), maleimidc derivatives and malcate esters (Section 7.6.4.2), (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylate esters (Section 7.6.43), S, AMS and derivatives (Section 7.6.4.4), vinylsilancs (Section 7.6.4.5) and vinyl oxazolines (Section 7.6.4.6). 

Vinyl or isopropenyl oxazoline has been grafted onto polyolefins [144] or copolymerized with styrene [82, 154], and then reacted with carboxylic acid or anhydride polymers to produce compatibilization. 

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