Village processing

The next stage may best be described as a primitive hot-filtration process. Two members of the village sit across the front of a simple fire resembling a Dutch oven, holding between them a bag about 30 feet long and about two inches in diameter. The lac inside the bag melts and, through one of the operators twisting the end of the bag, the lac is squeezed out. The lac is then removed from the outside of the bag and collected into a molten lump which is then stretched out... 

Wong CSC, Wu SC, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Aydin A, Wong MH (2007) Trace metal contamination of sediments in an e-waste processing village in China. Environ Pollut 145 (2) 434-442. doi 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.017... 

A major focus of the project has been development of a process to make cowpea meal or flour that could be implemented at the village level. The meal would be a ready-to-use convenience product to which the consumer could simply add water and then proceed to the final steps of preparation. The time-consuming and labor-intensive steps of soaking, decorticating, and grinding would be eliminated. 

A uranium ore reprocessing factory in South Bohemia near the village of Mydlovary (49° 5 N, 14° 21 E) was in operation from 1962 to 1991 (Fig. 7). About 17Mt of U-ore of low uranium content (0.18%) were processed over this period, using two technologies about 76% by acid... 

After perfecting a process for the manufacture of sodium which caused a rapid fall m its price, Deville attempted the large-scale production of aluminum. There is found in southern France and elsewhere an ore, bauxite, named for the village of Baux, near Arles in Provence. In the Sainte-Claire Deville process, alumina obtained from this ore was intimately mixed with charcoal, heated, and treated with chlorine to form the chloride. An excess of aluminum chloride vapor was then passed over molten sodium in an iron tube, after which the reaction mass was... 

Two versions of the MTG process, one using a fixed bed, the other a fluid bed, have been developed. The fixed-bed process was selected for installation in the New Zealand gas-to-gasoline (GTG) complex, situated on the North Island between the villages of Waitara and Motonui on the Tasman seacoast (60). A simplified block flow diagram of the complex is shown in Figure 6 (61). The plant processes over 3.7 x 106 m3/d(130 x 106 SCF/d) of gas from the offshore Maui field supplemented by gas from the Kapuni field, first to methanol, and thence to 2.3 x 103 m3/d (14,500 bbl/d) of gasoline. Methanol feed to the MTG section is synthesized using the ICI low pressure process (62) in two trains, each with a capacity of 2200 t/d. 

After exhaustion, the AA media is regenerated and restored with sulfuric acid and caustic soda. The process of regeneration and restoration requires skilled personnel, for which village-level volunteers can be trained. 

---