Viking Landers

The GC-MS instrument can be very compact and used in mobile equipment. A GC-MS device was used on the Viking Lander on the first Mars mission to search for organic compounds that would have provided evidence of life (none was detected). 

Viking Lander, 355 vinyl chloride, 764 virial coefficient, 168 virial equation, 168 viscosity, 186 visible light, 4, 6 vision, 113 vitamin, 74 vitamin C, F48 volatile, 310 volt, 492, A4 Volta, A., 483 voltage, 490 voltaic cell, 490 voltaic pile, 483... 

Plate 15.VIII The surface of the red planet Mars. A planar area in the northern mid-latitude of Mars. The colour of the surface and the sky is primarily due to the ubiquitous presence of fine, red dust. The horizon is ca. 3 km away from the spacecraft (Viking Lander I) (courtesy NASA, Houston,Texas). 

Comparison of trapped gases in impact-melt glass in the EET 79001 Martian meteorite with the composition of the Martian atmosphere as measured by Viking landers. This remarkable agreement is the evidence that convinced most planetary scientists that SNC meteorites came from Mars. 

The Viking landers provided X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data for a limited number of Martian soils at two landing sites. These data were compiled by Clark et al. (1982). 

Viking landers carried out Rutherford back-scattering and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of soils at two sites (Clark et al., 1982). Rocks and soils were analyzed by an alpha-proton X-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the Mars Pathfinder rover (Rieder et al., 1997) (Figure 1). Early APXS analyses (Rieder et al., 1997 McSween... 

Larsen K. W., Arvidson R. E., Jolliflf B. L., and Clark B. C. (2000) Correspondence and least squares analyses of soil and rock compositions for the Viking Lander 1 and Pathfinder landing sites. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 29207-29221. 

A photograph of the Martian surface taken by one of the Viking landers. The layer of morning frost that can be seen in the photo is less than one one-thousandth of an inch thick. 

A very interesting subject is the application of analytical pyrolysis for the study of biomarkers in extraterrestrial samples [2], Several meteorites and lunar samples were studied using this technique. Also, Viking Lander used a Py-GC/MS system to explore the Martian atmosphere and surface [74], Commonly, a stepped pyrolysis technique has been used in these studies to determine organic components in an inorganic matrix [75], The procedure involves a set of four or five temperatures that allow the analysis of trapped gases, analysis of small volatile molecules, and the performance of true pyrolysis on macromolecules. 

A full-scale operational model of the Mars Viking Lander, with Its mechanical soil-collecting arm extended. 

Viking lander for Mars mission launched in summer 1975 for the purpose of conducting biological and chemical analyses and tests on Martian soil... 

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