Vibrio cholerae, distribution

A similar distribution of fatty acids has also been detected in lipid A of other bacteria (Fig. 5). Thus, in Fusobacterium nucleatum, 2 moles of (R)-3-OH-14 0 are ester-bound, one of which is 3-O-acylated by 14 0. In amide linkage, (R)-3-0(14 0)-16 0 is present. In Vibrio cholerae, a dimer of (R)-3-OH-12 0 is bound as an ester while (R)-3-0-(14 0)-14 0 and (R)-3-0-(16 0)-14 0 are amide-linked. The lipid A component of Chromobacterium violaceum possesses 2 moles of (R)-3-OH-10 0 in ester linkage. The amide-bound acyl groups are represented by (R)-3-0H-12 0 residues which are 3-0-acylated by 12 0 and (S)-2-OH-12 0. In P. mirabilis, 3-0H-14 0 is, like in Salmonella, ester-and amide-bound. In this case, however, exclusively 14 0 substitutes the 3-hydroxyl groups of both 0- and N-linked 3-OH-14 0. 

Generally, vibrios are Gram-negative see Gram s stain), motile, and aerobic. They are widely distributed in soil and water and while most feed on dead organic matter some are parasitic, e.g. Vibrio cholerae, the causal agent of cholera. 

The occurrence, distribution, and abundance of these Vibrio spp. are more related to physicochemical factors, such as temperature and salinity, and the abundance of some zooplanktonic organisms with which they are associated in surface waters [27] than to fecal conforms. Moreover, imder some envirorunental conditions (e.g., low temperatures of 15°C), Vibrio cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus are known to occur as viable, nonculturable forms [106,107]. 

Rahman, M.H. et al. Distribution of genes for virulence and ecological fitness among diverse Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera endemic area tracking the evolution of pathogenic strains. DNA Cell Biol. 27, 347-355 (2008). 

Vibrio cholerae Walker tumor cells No change in tumor distribution Weiss et al., 1974... 

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