Vibrio cholerae attenuation

Killeen, K., D. Spriggs, and J. Mekalanos, Bacterial mucosal vaccines Vibrio cholerae as a live attenuated vaccine/vector paradigm. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 1999. 236 237-54. 

Cholera vaccines consist of live attenuated or heat-kiUed Vibrio cholerae organisms. They can be given orally or parenteraUy. 

Coster TS, Killeen KP, Waldor MK, Beattie DT, Spriggs DR, Kenner JR, Trofa A, Sadoff JC, Mekalanos JJ, Taylor DN. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of hve attenuated Vibrio cholerae 0139 vaccine prototype. Lancet 1995 345(8955) 949-52. 

Kaper JB, Levine MM (1990) Recombinant attenuated Vibrio cholerae strains used as live oral vaccines. In Res. Microbiol. 141 901 —906. 

Michalski, J., Galen, J.E., Fasano, A. and Kaper, J.B. (1993) CVDl 10, an attenuated Vibrio cholerae Ol El Tor live oral vaccine strain. Infect Immun, 61, 4462 1468. 

The phenomenon just indicated is almost identical with that which had been formerly described imder the name Pfeiffer Experiment. In 1894, it was shown that if a culture of cholera vibrios is injected into the peritoneum of a guinea-pig vaccinated against cholera — a vaccination obtained by previous injection either of several successive cultures of vibrios attenuated by heat or of an anti-cholera serum — examination of a little of peritoneal fluid showed that the vibrios, instead of being developed, as would have been the case in a fresh animal, have, on the contrary, not multiplied at all — they are immobile, agglutinated, and they have the tendency to disappear. This phenomenon, whidi is spedfic for the infection experimented... 

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