Vibrating plate

Basically a hydraulic bowl classifier. Vibrating plate replaces rotating mechanism in pool. Hydraulic water passes through perforations in plate and fluidizes sands. 

In the dynamic condenser, or the vibrating plate or vibrating condenser method (Fig. 5), also called Kelvin, Zisman, or Kelvin-Zisman probe, the capacity of the condenser created by the investigated surface and the plate (vib. plate) is continuously modulated by periodical vibration (GEN.) of the plate. The ac output is then amplified and fed back to the condenser to obtain null-balance operation (E,V). " " ... 

In contrast to the ionizing electrode method, the dynamic condenser method is based on a well-understood theory and fulfills the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium. Its practical precision is limited by noise, stray capacitances, and variation of surface potential of the air-electrode surface, i.e., the vibrating plate. At present, the precision of the dynamic condenser method may be limited severely by the nature of the surfaces of the electrode and investigated system. In common use are adsorption-... 

Practically, the Volta potential at the water-nonaqueous solvent interface, At4, is measured as the difference in the compensating voltages of the cells of Schemes 20 and 21 [57-59]. The vibrating plate is the mediatory electrode for both cells ... 

A continuous stirred tank reactor has been reported for the hydrolysis of the triglycerides existing in vegetable oil in the presence of the aqueous phase and for synthesis reactions (Table 5). A microfilter can be used to prevent the immobilized enzyme from leaving the reactor. Kawano et al. [115] investigated the hydrolysis of olive oil in octane with Candida cylindracea lipase in aqueous solution in a Vibro Mixer reactor containing vibration plates connected to the crankshaft of a motor and oscillated with fixed rates. 

Preparation of Emulsions. Monomer, water, and emulsifier were mixed in an apparatus similar to that described by Bartholome et al. (4, 6). However, instead of the Ultra-Turrax, a vibrating plate stirrer was used. 

In heterogeneous systems, potential differences exist across the various phase boundaries. The surface film potential, AV, due to a monolayer is the change in the potential difference between the bulk substrate liquid and a probe placed above the liquid which results from the presence of the monolayer. Surface film potentials can be measured by air-electrode and vibrating-plate methods. 

For measurements to be practicable it is almost necessary to have some degree of conductivity in the organic liquid, which means that ions can pass, though not necessarily at a rapid rate. Therefore such adsorption potentials as are measurable will probably be transient. Measurements with benzene or paraffins as the organic liquid have not yet been made,3 on account of the difficulty of their low conductivity. Possibly a modification of the vibrating plate method described on p. 35 might be applied to the measurement of oil-water potentials when the oil has a very low conductivity. 

For some applications, instead of pulsed sieve-plate columns, vibrating-plate extractors have been recommended (Rod, 1976). Rod has pointed out some advantages of this type of contactor for the oximation of cyclohexanene. 

An interest represents the comparison of (po with AV-potential, i.e. the total potential difference at the solution/air interface. Fig. 3.24 plots q>o(C) and AV(Q dependences for a solution of non-ionic surfactant. The measurement of AV-potential is performed by the method of vibrating plate over the solution surface [203]. (po and AV change simultaneously and reach a maximum value at the same surfactant concentration. Surely, their absolute values are different, as expected from the following equation [204]... 

Another method recently developed for manipulating small particles uses the forces created by a two- or three-dimensional sound field that is excited by a vibrating plate, the surfaces of which move sinusoidally and emit an acoustic wave into a layer of fluid. Such a wave is reflected by a rigid surface and generates a standing sound field in the fluid, the forces of which act on particles by displacing them in one, two or three dimensions. In this way, particles of sizes between one and several hundred microns can be simultaneously manipulated in a contactless manner. Equations describing this behaviour have been reported [63]. 

A sonophoresis device with a flat flextensional US transducer has also been reported [121]. Vibration plates made of three different materials were simulated with the finite element method before fabrication and subsequent investigation of their properties. Compared to other types of flextensional US transducers, they have a simple structure, provide intensities at par with those of commercial sonicators and are easier and more inexpensive to produce. 

Fig. 48. Surface potential measurements by the vibrating plate method. The oscillator (Osc.) and amplifier (Audio amp.) are commercial units which drive the electrode. The oscilloscope (Scope) and high gain, low noise amplifier (Amp.) are also standard commercial instruments.

Vibrating plate (light) Coarse-grained soils, 4 to 8% fines Small patches Cohesive soils... 

The vibration pressing machine for the forming of specimens is shown in Figurel. This machine consists of a vibration top plate with an oil cyUnder and a bottom plate,both of which are fixed with 4 poles, and 4 top and bottom springs supported with 2 plates. The mechanical vibrator with a vibrating force of 300 kg is attached to the bottom of a vibration plate,and it consists essentially of 2 contra-rotating shafts with an out-of-balance weight at each end. The die set in vibration plates possesses a cavity of 30 mm in diameter and 90 mm in depth. The vibration and pressure were applied simultaneously by the top and the bottom punches. 

PSZ,PSZ and SUS 304 mixture,and SUS 304 wet materials were laminated into a die,and then were compacted by a vibration pressing method. 120 sec is taken to reach a fixed pressure after the die was set in vibration plates. The forming vibration time after a fixed pressure was 60 sec,amplitude was 0.9 mm. 

Figure 2. Schematic for measuring the potentials between a vibrating plate electrode and an aqueous electrolyte.

VP—vibrating plate Vib—vibrator PA—preamplifier FSDA—frequency selective detector amplifier POT—potentiometer OS—oscilloscope. Dotted line represents a Faraday cage. 

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