Via points

A blank LTI window will pop up. The first task would be to poke into features supported under the File and Tools pull-down menus and see what we can achieve via point-and-click. There is also a Help pull-down menu, which activates the Help Window. 

The simulations also show that pooling generally does not result in local peaks. Adaptive walks via point mutations from pool optima found local peaks of higher fitness. Interestingly, if the best two pools in each cycle were retained, recombination between the 2c (c cycles) resulting pool optima generally only found points of lower fitness than the pool optima. But when the recombinants were then used as the start for adaptive walks... 

On the other hand, the internal bond strength of benzylated boards manufactured using particles with 51 WPG was about two times higher than that of a conventional board (Fig. 22). The bonding between particles in conventional particleboard is via point adhesion, whereas in hot-melt and self-bonded boards it occurs by plain adhesion. Accordingly, the internal bond strength... 

Some general comments might be useful, however, before considering the individual methods. First, the techniques may be divided into (i) macroscopic methods, which are used to measure the effect of long-range motion of atoms and (ii) microscopic methods, which are used to measure the effect of jump frequencies of atoms [210, 212]. In principle, for a simple jump process via point defects in a solid, the two are interconnected by the classical Einstein-Smoluchowski equation [204] ... 

A very common aspect of interval estimation involves estimating the regression line value, y, with simultaneous CIs, for a specific value of x. That value y can be further subcategorized as an average predicted y value, or a specific y. Figure 2.15 shows which regions on the regression plot can and cannot be estimated reliably via point and interval measurements. 

Two alternative methods of Raman imaging via global illumination and via point illumination in combination with confocal light collection were applied to the study of heterogeneous polymer systems. The spectral and spatial resolving power of the different techniques was estimated experimentally. The influence of the depth resolution on the Raman image of a defined sample structure was demonstrated in a mathematical simulation. Data are given for PE, PS, polyacrylate, and epoxy resins. 23 refs. 

An alternative approach, called the obstacle-set method, idealizes each musculotendinous actuator as a frictionless elastic band that can slide finely over the bones and other actuators as the configuration of the joint changes (Gamer and Pandy, 2000). The musculotendinous path is defined by a series of stndght-line and curved-line segments joined together by via points, which may or may not be fixed relative to the bones. 

Figure 6.12 shows a computational algorithm diat can be used to model the centroid path of a musculotendinous actuator fin a given configuration of the joints in the body. There are four steps in the computational algorithm. Given the relative positions of the bones, the locations of all fixed via points are known and can be expressed in the obstacle reference frame (Fig. 6.12, Step 1). The locations of the remaining via points in the actuator s path, the obstacle via points, can be calculated...

FIGURE 6.14 Two bodies, A and B, shown articulating at a joint. Body A is fixed in an inertial reference frame, and body B moves relative to it. The path of a generic muscle is represented by the origin S on B, the insertion N on A, and three intermediate via points P, Q, and R.QandR are via points arising from contact of the muscle path with body B. Via point P arises from contact of die muscle path with body A. The ISA of B relative to A is defined by the angular velocity vector of B in A [Modified from Pandy (1999). ... 

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