Vesicles transformation into

Bernheim-Groswasser. A. Zana, R. Talmon, Y. Micro- 30. structures in aqueous solutions of mixed dimeric surfactants Vesicle transformation into networks of thread-like micelles. J. Phys. Chem.. B 2000. 104. 12192-12201. and references therein. 

Fig. 67 Schematic of phase behaviour for blend of novolac epoxy resin with nearly symmetric poly(methyl acrylate-co-glycidylmelhacrylate)-0-polyisoprene. Ordered L can be swollen with up to about 30% of resin before macroscopic phase separation occurs, producing heterogeneous morphologies containing various amounts of L, C, worm-like micelles and pristine epoxy. At lower concentrations, disordered worm-like micelles transform into vesicles in dilute limit. According to [201]. Copyright 2003 Wiley...

The development of amphipathic fluorescent dyes that label endocytic vesicles has permitted the study of endo-cytosis in nerve terminals in real time [25,26], The probe FM1-43 equilibrates between the aqueous phase and the membrane but is not membrane-permeating. The plasmalemma becomes fluorescent (Fig. 10-8). Upon endocytosis, the labeled membrane is internalized. When removed from the extracellular medium, the dye is retained by the endocytic vesicles but lost from the plasmalemma. Endocytic vesicles are transformed into synaptic vesicles containing FM1-43. Importantly, recycled synaptic vesicles lose the probe upon exocytosis. 

Vaccinia An infection, primarily local and limited to the site of inoculation, induced in man by inoculation with the vaccinia (coxpox) virus in order to confer resistance to smallpox (variola). On about the third day after vaccination, papules form at the site of inoculation which become transformed into umbilicated vesicles and later pustules they then dry up, and the scab falls off on about the twenty-first day, leaving a pitted scar in some cases there are more or less marked constitutional disturbances. 

When water is added to certain dry phospholipids with long hydrocarbon chains, the phospholipids swell, and when they are dispersed in more water, structures known as liposomes are formed. Liposomes are vesicles with multilayers of phospholipid. See Fig. 6-5. When subjected to ultrasonic vibration (sonication), liposomes are transformed into vesicles that have only a single bilayer of phospholipid. 

A 52-year-old woman was given vancomycin 1 g intravenously bd and within 12 hours developed a generalized pruritic maculopapular rash (83). Over the next few days, the lesions progressively worsened and transformed into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic vesicles and bullae. Mucosal surfaces, palms, and soles were spared. The skin lesions completely healed without scarring within 2 weeks of vancomycin withdrawal. There was no recurrence 5 months later. 

Large liposomes are formed when phospholipids are hydrated at temperature above their phase transition temperature (T). Although MLVs are normally formed when lipid fihns are hydrated below T, these can be transformed into small vesicles by using high pressure homogenisation. 

The lamellar phases on the surface of the emulsion particles are mainly composed of monoacylglycerides, lyso-phospholipids and ionized fatty acids. When the phases have reached a certain size, they will desorb from the emulsion surface and form multi-lamellar vesicles, which are transformed into uni-lamellar vesicles upon increased incorporation of bile salts (Rigler et al., 1986). Upon further incorporation of bile salts, the ratio of lipid amphiphiles to bile salts will decrease to 1 or lower, whereby the uni-lamellar vesicles are transformed to mixed micelles (Staggers et al., 1990). These events are presented in Figure 4. 

Al-Jamal KT, Sakthivel T, Florence AT. Solubilisation and transformation of amphipathic lipid dendron vesicles (dendrisomes) into mixed micelles. Colloids Surf A Hiysicochem Eng Asp 2005 268 52-59. 

Lipkowski and coworkers [328] have employed STM to study the spreading of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcho-line vesicles into the film at the Au(lll) electrode surface. During the initial stage, phospholipid molecules were adsorbed flatly with the acyl chains oriented parallel to the surface and assembled into an ordered monolayer similar to that formed by alkanes. Later, the molecules reoriented and the monolayer was transformed into a hemimicellar film. 

Wick, R, Angelova, M. L, Walde, P. et al. (1996). Microinjection into giant vesicles and light microscopy investigation of enzyme-mediated vesicle transformations. 

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