Vesicants - Nitrogen Based

Vesicants are hazardous through inhalation, skin and eye exposure, ingestion, and abraded skin (e.g., breaks in the skin or penetration of skin by debris). 

Skin impacts from Nitrogen Vesicant vapor occur at concentrations as low as 30 ppm (10 minute exposure). 

LD50S for skin exposure to liquid Nitrogen Vesicants are as low as 0.7 gm per individual. 

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ClCH2CH2OH various sulfur and nitrogen based Vesicants. None established ... 

HOCHjCH N detergents, emulsifiers, surfactants, as a corrosion inhibitor for lubricants, and in the manufacture of cosmetics. Dual Use Synthesis of the nitrogen based Vesicant HN-3. Sol Miscible Fl.P 365°F IP 7.9 eV... 

Sulfur mustard reacts rapidly with chlorine or with bleach, and this reaction is a suitable means of decontamination. Nitrogen mustards, however, chlorinate extremely slowly thus chlorination is not suitable for their decontamination. The formation of water-soluble salts, such as by neutralization with sodium bisulfate, is the usual method for nitrogen mustard removal from contaminated surfaces. The mustard salts are much less vesicant than the corresponding free bases. 

This material is used as a chlorinating agent for both nitrogen and sulfur based vesicants. Required in the manufacture of methylphosphonic dichloride (C01-C046). 

This material is a precursor for both nitrogen and sulfur based vesicants. 

By March 1942 a number of blister gas detectors, all of which were based on color changes in a dye base and had their origins in British and American developments in 1918, had been standardized. They included the M4 vapor detector kit, capable of registering even faint concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur mustards M5 liquid vesicant detector paint M6 liquid vesicant detector paper and M7 vesicant detector crayon, sensitive to mustard and lewisite. Although the CWS had not discovered a better dye base than that developed by the British, NDRC chemists at the University of Chicago, at the University of Virginia, and at Ohio State improved its composition and developed new detector materials. ... 

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