Verbascum

Macrocyclic lactam alkaloids Verbascum phoeniceum SiOj AcOEt + MeOH T + EtOH 254 nm r. Dragendorff s Identification 22... 

The classic seed burial studies of W. J. Beal and his successors have shown seeds of at least one weed species, Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria L.) can remain viable in soil for a peiod of 100 years, whereas three species continued to germinate after 80 years of burial (30). Weed seeds not only resist decay by soil microbes, but they vary in dormancy characteristics. There is considerable evidence that chemical inhibitors are responsible for both phenomena. Unsaturated lactones and phenolic compounds in particular, are potent antimicrobial compounds present in many seeds (4J. Fruits and seeds are also known to contain diverse germination inhibitors including phenolic compounds, flavonoids and/or their glycosides and tannins. Unique methods to destroy inhibitors could provide an excellent weed management strategy. 

Elder with mullein leaves (Verbascum thapsus) aids lung congestion and asthma. 

Turkey is one of the unique countries in the world having three different climates, namely continental, mediterrenean and oceanic climates [3]. Turkey is also at the junction of three geographical regions for the plants, mainly Euro-Siberian in North Anatolia, Irano-Turanian in Central and East Anatolia, Mediterrenean in West and South Anatolia. All these properties contribute to the richness and diversity of the flora in Turkey with over 10,000 taxa in 173 families and 1,225 genera [4-7]. There are 15 endemic genera and over 2,650 endemic species. Endemism ratio is around 30%, however it is higher in certain families, such as Scrophulariaceae (52%), Campanulaceae (49%), Lamiaceae (=Labiatae) (44%), Asteraceae (=Compositae) (38%), and even in some particular species, the ratio reach 80-100%, such as Ebenus (100%), Verbascum (80%), Sideritis (78%) [7]. 

Furthermore, by observing a plant s natural growth habit, it is possible to mimic its normal growing pattern. Certain plants, such as verbascums (or mulleins), scatter themselves... 

Elgindi, M.R. et al., Isoflavones and a phenylethanoid from Verbascum sinaiticum, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 11, 1534, 1999. 

In 1910, Bourquelot and Bridel reported17 the isolation of a new oligosaccharide, verbascose, from the roots of the mullein, Verbascum thapsus. 

Aloenin (= 4-Methoxy-6-(2-(3- Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae), Lippia dulcis (Verbenaceae) Acanthaceae, Bignonaceae, Gesneriaceae, Oronbranchaceae, Plantaginaceae Aloe arborescens (Liliaceae) Bitter [inhibits gastric... 

Vitis polyphenols Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae) Vitis vinfera (Vitaceae) [red wine] AO/FRS... 

Verbascenine (205) has been isolated from the aerial parts of Verbascum species (140). Its structure elucidation was based on chemical degradation reactions as well as careful analysis of spectral data (140). In addition to spermidine, spermine was isolated from a KOH melt reaction and identified as its tetraacetyl derivative. The two cinnamic acid residues were identified by spectroscopic methods. A C=C double bond was found in only one of these units. The other cinnamic acid residue is part of a / -aminodihydrocin-namide. Therefore, verbascenine must be cyclic. The number of possible structures was reduced to two (205 and 206) on the basis of the formation of certain derivatives and their spectroscopic properties. Structure 205 is preferred for verbascenine because of the mass spectral behavior of its... 

In addition to silymarin, hydnocarpin (68) and sinaiticin (96) isolated from Verbascum sinaiticum exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured P-388 (murine lymphocytic leukemia) cells (120). 5 -Methoxyhydnocarpin-D (79) and silybin (1) have been identified as bacterial MDR pump inhibitors (107). 

Afifi MS, Ahmed MM, Pezzuto JM, Kinghom AD (1993) Cytotoxic Havonolignans and Flavones from Verbascum sinaiticum Leaves. Phytochemistry 34 839... 

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