Venous stenting

Lopez, R.R., Benner, K.G., Hall, L., Rdsch, J., Pinson, C.W. Expandable venous stents for treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Gastroenterology 1991 100 1435-1441... 

Denton JR, Moore EE, Coldwell DM (1997) Multimodality treatment for grade V hepatic injuries perihepatic packing, arterial embolization, and venous stenting. J Trauma 42 964-967 discussion 967-968... 

Isolated cases of laparoscopic ovarian vein ligation have been reported [32] however, there are no large series published to date. Non-embolic interventional treatments such as venous stenting and surgical bypass have been reported in small numbers of patients when the varicosities are secondary to venous obstruction [33]. 

Using a rather unconventional puncture site for catheterization of the axillary vein, at the junction between the axillary and subclavian vein, trauma to the brachial nervous plexus is avoided, particularly when large-diameter catheters, serving for Gianturco stents for instance, are introduced (Dondelinger et al. 1991). As a general rule, venous stents should be placed sequentially, first in a distal position, then more proximally, in relation to the puncture site. When the confluence of the innominate veins is treated, the technique used depends on the anatomy and the type of stents required. Usually, the develop-... 

The total range of complications related to venous stenting are less than 10%, when contraindications are taken into consideration. One death from... 

Approaching the aortic valve with a catheter can be achieved via the venous (antegrade, transseptal) or the arterial routes (retrograde) (37,38). The delivery assembly is positioned within the diseased native valve. Before expansion of the valve mounted balloon rapid pacing (>200 beats/min) is performed to lower stroke volume during the implantation sequence. The balloon is inflated fixing the stented valve to the implantation site. Immediately after balloon deflation... 

Higgins JN, Owler BK, Cousins C, Pickard JD (2002) Venous sinus stenting for refractory benign intracranial hypertension. Lancet 359 228-230... 

Vascular Venous filters, self-expandable vascular stents/ grafts, selfexpanding aortic valves Ni-Ti Nitinol Heart Veins... 

Oderich GS, Treiman GS, Schneider P et al (2000) Stent placement for treatment of central and peripheral venous obstruction A long-term multi-institutional experience. J Vase Surg 32 760-769... 

Stefanadis, C., Toutouzas, K., Tsiamis, E., Vlachopoulos, C., Kallikazaros, I., Stratos, C., Vavuranakis, M., and Toutouzas, P., Stents covered by autologous venous grafts Feasibility and immediate and long-term results, Am. Heart. J., 2000b 139(3) 437-445. 

Silver biocides have been widely used for several years in the Asia-Pacific region, and most of them are made and sold in Japan. They cost two or three times as much as ordinary antimicrobials but have now begun to penetrate the medical device market in North America and Europe. With the adoption of new surgical techniques, the medical device market is constantly changing. Infection can be a problem with endotracheal tubes, catheters and stents some of these infections are fatal. Silver compoimds are used specifically in stethoscope diaphragm covers, central venous catheters, sterilisation trays, bedpans and handles for dental instruments. 

The circulatory fluid is ejected by an electropneumatically driven ventricular pump. Downstream of the pump, an aortic valve assembly is located two different models have been built in order to offer lateral or frontal view of the prosthesis movements. Suitable stent adapters allow to test prostheses of different type and size. The aorta is a variable compliance rubber tube. Through a rigid conduit the fluid is conveyed to the laminar flow assembly which controls peripheral resistances. Aortic compliance and peripheral resistances are hydropneumatically controlled. The fluid, passing through a venous reservoir open to atmospheric pressure, reaches the left atrium. This is a rigid wall chamber in which a hydropneumatic system relates cardiac output to venous return, reproducing Frank--Starling s Law. Between atrium and ventricle there is another valve test assembly which allows to test mitral valves. 

Bu Lock FA, Tometzki AJ, Kitchiner DJ, Arnold R, Peart I, Walsh KP. Balloon expandable stents for systemic venous pathway stenosis late after Mustard s operation. Heart 1998 79 225-9. 

Only a small number of experimental studies were conducted in animal models, as metal stents were rapidly applied in venous obstruction in humans. The animal studies proved both the biocompatibil-... 

Neville et al. 1994). Overall, experimental studies showed that venous structure and hemodynamics were compatible with endoluminal stent placement. 

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