Vasoconstrictor - Naphazoline

Further five-membered ring fragmentations are known for imidazolines such as vasoconstrictor naphazoline (Sortino et al., 1999b) and anticonvulsant phenyltoin (Parman et al., 1998) thiazoles as vitamin thiamine (van Dort et al., 1984) isoin-dolines as diuretic chlorthalidone (Vargas and Mendez, 1999) and sydnones as vasodilator molsidomide (Carney, 1987). The indole derivative melatonin is oxidized to a 2-acylformanilide (Andrisano et al., 2000). 

Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline, are available over the counter and may be beneficial in mild cases. However, there is no evidence that they shorten the course of the disease and, when abused, they can cause rebound hyperemia and medicamentosa, which can increase the redness or edema in the episclera. For these reasons, vasoconstrictors should be used sparingly. 

OonkUne Hydrochloride. Clonidinc hydrochloride. 2- (2.6-dichlorophcnyl)imino iniida/olidine monohydnxrhlor-iilc (Calapre.s). was the first antihypertensive known to act im the CNS. It was synthesized in l%2 as a derivative of the known a-.sytnpalhominiclic drugs naphazoline and tola-roline. potential nasal vasoconstrictors, but instead it proved to be effective in the treatment of niild-to-severe hypertension. 

Inapsine droperidol. indanazoline [inn] is an imidazoline related to naphazoline. It is a sympathomimetic with vasoconstrictor properties, formerly used as a topical nasal decongestant. indapamide [ban.inn.jan, usan) (LozoI Natrilix etc.) is a (thiazide-related) DIURETIC, which can be used in antihypertensive therapy. 

Several products contain distilled witch hazel (hamamelis water), obtained from the bark of a shrub, with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. Naphazoline, a sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor, is included in some ophthalmic preparations to shrink the dilated blood vessels that cause redness. 

Naphazoline (285) [25] and clonazoline (286) [348] were made from the appropriate imidate and nitrile respectively by reaction with ethylenedi-amine. Clonazoline is about four times more potent than naphazoline as a vasoconstrictor, but both compounds are used to treat inflammatory conditions of the conjimtival and nasal mucosa. 

An investigation of the vasoconstrictor activity of substituted imidazolines by Fritz Uhlmann at Ciba in Basle, Switzerland during the early 1940 s resulted in the introduction of the sympathomimetic drug, naphazoline its analogs, xylometazoline and oxymetazoline, used as decongestants and... 

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