Variable-number tandem repeat, polymerase

Kasai K, Nakamura Y and White R 1990) Amplification of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) locus (pMCTii8) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its application to forensic science. ] For Sci 35 1196-1200. 

Baba, Y., Tomisaki, R., Sumita, C., Morimoto, I., Sugita, S., Tsuhako, M., Miki, T., and Ogihara, T., Rapid typing of variable number of tandem repeat locus in the human apolipoprotein B gene for DNA diagnosis of heart disease by polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 16, 1437, 1995. 

DNA fingerprinting was developed for individualization system in 1985. Analyses using DNA profiling with variable numbers of tandem repeat polymorphism has been carried out for identification of forensic samples such as bloodstains and sectional stains. Concerning forensic hairs, several DNA analyses of hair root sheath cells have been reported. However, DNA analysis of a hair shaft has not succeed to date, because DNA recovery from a hair shaft is in order of tens of picograms and only low molecular weight DNA (below 200 base pairs (bp)) is left in the hair shape. Recently, microsatellite DNA polymorphism has been detected by the polymerase chain reaction technique. This polymorphism can be applied to DNA analysis of hair shaft. If DNA analysis is combined with microscopic and instrumental analysis in forensic examination, hair individualization can be more accurate. 

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